556 
CVII. GRAMINEiE. 
[ Cynosurus. 
1 — 2 feet high. ' Leaves rather broadly linear, acuminate, scabrous. 
Panicles secund. Spikelets of 3 — 4 florets, thickly clustered on the 
branches, clusters ovate: branches sometimes long distant and spread- 
ing, sometimes short and approximate, when the whole panicle 
resembles a single cluster. Glumes membranous, smaller than the 
lowermost floret, lanceolate, acuminate, unequal, glabrous, scabrous at 
the back, more or less obliquely keeled. Outer glumella subcartilagi- 
nous, lanceolate, much compressed, scabrous, 5-ribbed, ciliate at the 
keel, with a short awn close to the point. 
30. Cinosurus Linn. Dog’s-tail-grass. (Table VIII. f. 27.) 
Panicle spike-like, unilateral. Spikelets with 2 — 5 perfect 
florets , distichous, with a pectinate bractea or involucre (an abor- 
tive spikelet) at its base. Glumes 2, equal, membranous, much 
shorter than the spikelet, 1 -nerved, keeled, shortly awned. 
Glumellas 2, membranous, linear-lanceolate ; outer awned be- 
low the extremity or mucronate, faintly 5-nerved. — Named 
from k-uaii', a dog , and ovpa, a. tail; from the shape of its spike. 
1. C. cristdtus L. ( crested D.) ; raceme linear spike-like, 
florets with a very short awn. E. B. t. 316 : Pam. Gr. t. 28. 
Dry pastures, frequent. 7/.. 7. — Culm 1 — l^foot high, slender. 
Leaves narrow, linear, acuminate. Raceme secund. Involucres beauti- 
fully pectinate, one at the base of each spikelet, their divisions linear, 
acute, greenish, subglumaceous, a little curved, rough. Spikelets 
3 — 5-flowered. Glumes lanceolate, nearly equal, membranous, rough 
at the keel, as long as the floret. Outer glumella lanceolate, obscurely 
nerved, green, scabrous, especially at the keel, terminating in a short 
rough awn ; inner one white, bifid, pubescent at the angles of the 
fold. — A valuable agricultural grass. 
2. C. echinatus L. ( tough -D.); raceme in an ovate spike, 
florets with awns as long as the glumellas. E. B. t. 1333 : 
Par n. Gr. tt. 28, 129. 
Sandy sea-shores. Guernsey and Jersey. Occasionally, when 
introduced, in the extreme south of England. ©. 7. 
31. Festuca Linn. Fescue-grass. (Tab. VIII. f. 28.) 
Panicle lax or coarctate. Spikelets many-flowered, more or 
less laterally compressed, without a bractea at the base. Glumes 
2, unequal, membranous, usually keeled, much shorter than the 
spikelet. Glumellas 2, lanceolate ; outer convex on the back, 
acuminate or awned at or close to the summit, the lateral 
nerves slightly converging and disappearing below the summit; 
inner minutely ciliate at the ribs. Styles short, terminal. 
Caryopsis glabrous free. — Name from fest, Celtic, food or 
pasturage. 
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