584 cviii . polypodiacEjE. [ Aspidium . 
Mountainous countries, in heaths and dry pastures. Abundant in 
Scotland. 2f . 7. — Iihizome tufted. Involucres small, inconspi- 
cuous. Segments of fronds not recurved at the margin. 
j’f Lateral veins of the pinnules branched or forked. Snri upon the 
lower veinlet on the side next the midvein, the other veinltts barren. 
| Involucre very convex. 
7. A. Filix-mds Sw. (Male-fern.') ; fronds bipinnate or rarely 
pinnate glabrous, lower pinnae smaller than those next them, pin- 
nules oblong with abroad base conspicuously serrate or incise but 
not spinulose, sori near the midvein, stipes and rachis chaffy, in- 
volucre persistent not ciliate with glands. Lastrea Presl: Newm. 
p. 197, 201. Dryopteris Newm. ed. 3, p. 183, 186. — a. vulgatum ; 
frond bipinnate, pinnae crowded elongate acuminate, pinnules 
blunt serrate, the lower ones distinct. E. B. t. 1458 and t. 1949 
(A. cristatum). — 13. incisum; pinnules less crowded oblong-lan- 
ceolate inciso-dentate. A. erosum Schkuhr Fil. t. 45. ? A. 
affine Fisch. Dryopteris Newm. ed. 3. — y. abhreviatum; fronds 
pinnate, pinnae oblong obtuse pinnatifid or incise or crenate 
with one row of sori on each side of the midrib. Lastrea Newm. 
p. 202. Polystichum abhreviatum DC. Dryopteris Newm. 
ed. 3, p. 193. 
Woods and shady banks, frequent. — 0. Rather rare in Scotland. 
— y. Ingleborough and Teesdale, Yorkshire ; Cumberland ; Wick, 
Gloucestershire. Snowdon. Ennis, Co. Clare. Glen Isla, Forfar- 
shire. If.. 6,7. — The involucres, when young, quite enclose the 
sori, the margin being bent in under the capsules. A beautiful 
though very common fern, the fronds in o. and /3. being sometimes 
3 — 4 feet high, and growing in a circle. Mr. Borrer finds a state of 
our a, common in Devonshire, with more copious and brighter- 
coloured scales, and with a bright golden-yellow tinge on the whole 
frond ; the pinnules are more blunt (almost truncate) and less 
distinctly serrate at the sides than usual ; the same has also been 
found in Yorkshire, various parts of Durham, and in Scotland, and is 
probably not uncommon : it is the Dryopteris Rorreri of Newman. 
As to our var. y. we should have considered it a mere stunted form 
of a., but Mr. Moore states it to be reproduced from seed ; he does so, 
however, also of the golden-scaled one noticed above, to which we 
cannot assign better distinguishing characters than the unimportant 
ones already mentioned. 
8. A. remdtum A. Braun ( Braun's S.) ; fronds oblong-lanceo- 
late bipinnate glabrous, pinnm acuminate lower ones smaller 
than those next them, lower pinnules distinct oblong acute 
shortly stalked deeply pinnatifid, their segments and upper pin- 
nules oblong obtuse witli a broad base mucronato-serrate but 
not spinulose, sori near the midvein, stipes and rachis chalfv, in- 
volucre persistent not ciliate with glands. Polystichum Koch. 
Lastrea Moore in Joitrn. Proceed. Linn. Soc. iv. p. 193. 
