587 
Cystopteris .] cviii . polypodiacea:. 
synonyms of A. dilatatum, cristatum, and spinulosum are almost inex- 
tricable, on account of specimens of some other form than that 
described, under the impression that they were the same species, 
being retained for the herbarium or given away to others. Poly- 
podium cristatum of Withering seems to be this species, while his 
P. spinulosum appears to be either o. or jS. of A. cristatum. 
6. Ctstopteris Bernhardt. Bladder-fern. (Tab. X. f. 1.) 
Sori roundish, situated on the back of a vein or veinlet at 
the middle. Involucre thin and membranous, inserted by its 
broad cucullate base, at the under side of the sorus and cover- 
ing it, opening by a free, generally lengthened extremity, which 
points towards the apex of the segment, ultimately reflexed. — 
Veins pinnate and forked ; veinlets free, terminating a little 
within the margin. — Name: compounded of kvotic, a bladder, 
and Trripic, a fern. 
1. C. fragilis Bernh. ( brittle B.) ; fronds lanceolate bipin- 
nate (or rarely pinnate), pinme ovate or ovato-lanceolate, 
pinnules variously toothed or laciniate or pinnatifid, the seg- 
ments approximate entire or again toothed, rachis winged. 
Newm. ed. 3, p. 87. — a. vulgaris ; fronds bipinnate, pinnse 
ovato-lanceolate, pinnules slightly stalked ovate obovate or 
lanceolate somewhat cuneate at the base incise or pinna- 
tifid, segments toothed, sori generally crowded at a little dis- 
tance from the margin. Newm. p. 155, 156 (subvar. angustata). 
Cystea Sm.. Cyathea Sm. : E. B. t. 1587. Cystea angustata 
Sm.: E. B. S. t. 2790. Polypodiuin Rhajticum Dicks. — /3. 
dentata ; fronds subbipinnate, pinna; ovato-lanceolate, pinnules 
sessile ovate or oblong obtuse bluntly and unequally toothed 
rarely pinnatifid, sori submarginal. Newm. p. 154. C. dentata 
Hook. Cyathea Sm. : E. B. t. 1588. Cystea Sm. — y. 
Dickieana ; fronds pinnate or subbipinnate, pinnse ovate obtuse 
deflexed, segments obovate or ovate obtuse erenate, pinnae or 
segments crowded overlapping each other, sori submarginal. 
C. Dickieana Sim. in Gard. Journ. (1848) p. 308: Newm. 
ed. 3, p. 93. 
Rocks and walls, in mountainous districts. — /8. Cumberland. Wales. 
Breadalbane; Tarbet, by Loch Lomond. — y. Sea cave, at Cove, near 
Aberdeen; Dunkeld. 71. 7. — The mature sporules are echinate 
in most (or all) of this genus; these in var. /3. and y. we sometimes 
find mixed with others, which are slightly tubercular ; the echinate 
ones are most frequent in (3. the tubercular in y. The involucre is 
usually acuminate in C. fragilis, and roundish and lacerate in 
C. alpina ; but in cultivated specimens of the latter we have seen it 
acuminate, while in the large form of C. fragilis, known to some 
cultivators as C. Rhcetica, and to others as C. angustata, we find it 
rounded. In y we have not observed an involucre even when the 
sori were very young. Native specimens of var. y. (see Newman’s 
C C 6 
