602 
CELEULARES. 
the wet banks of canals, rivers, anil ditches in Yorkshire, Durham, 
Northumberland and Cumberland in various places. Banks of the 
Dee, Kincardineshire. — 7 . in water. Muckruss; Dublin canal; 
Mullingar, Co. Westmeath. Banks of the Dee, with /3. 11. 7, 8 . 
— Stems perennial. The above varieties seem to depend on locality. 
It is very doubtful if the colour of the sheaths or the number of their 
teeth afford sufficient distinguishing characters, so that Mr. Newman 
was probably correct when he gave his opinion that all of the group 
with simple or irregularly branched stems formed only one species. 
Sub-Class II. CELLULARES. (Ord. CXIV. — CXIX.) 
Fructification very various. — Plants truly cellular , icithout 
tubular vessels. 
114. Musci. Sporules contained in thee® closed by an operculum or 
lid which falls off, or is rarely adnate. Stem with leafy appen- 
dages. 
a. Bryacex. Capsule without valves. 
b. Andraacecc. Capsule opening at the side by 4 valves. 
115. Hepatic.t:. Sporules contained in thee®, which are destitute of 
an operculum. Plants usually with leafy appendages. 
a. Jungermanniaceoe. Capsules opening by a definite number of equal 
valves, furnished internally with spiral filaments or elateres. 
h. Marcliantiacece. Capsules without valves, or bursting irregularly, 
with elateres. 
c. Ricciacete. Capsules with neither valves nor elateres. 
116. Lichen es. Plants not growing in water, without leafy appendages. 
Sporules lying in superficial disks. 
117. Fungi. Plants when perfect not growing in water, and without 
leafy appendages. Sporules in the substance of the plant, the 
whole of which may be viewed as organs of reproduction. 
118. Charace.e. Tubular symmetrically branched plants, without 
leafy appendages, growing in water, furnished with spiral-coated 
nucules filled with starch. 
119. Alga!. Plants without leafy appendages, and with very few ex- 
ceptions found in water. Branches when present unsymmetrical. 
Sporules ofteii of two kinds, variously disposed; spiral-coated 
nucules none. 
a. Fucacea. Vesicular, cellular, filamentary, membranous, or tubular 
plants, not covered by silex. 
b. Diatomacea. One-celled very minute plants, furnished when perfect 
with a siliceous coat, multiplying by each cell dividing into two, 
and then either separating or cohering in threads. Endochrome 
brown. 
The genera and species of these orders have been described in 
the 5 th volume of “ English Flora,” or the 2nd volume of the 2 nd 
and 3 rd editions of the present work. 
