OF BUDS. 
65 
by secondary causes, or speaks and it is done, the design is 
alike apparent. 
The term bud, in common language, extends to the rudiments 
of all plants, whether having scales or without, which originate 
upon other living plants. Buds with scales are chiefly confined 
to the trees of cold countries. In the northern part of the Uni- 
ted States, there are few trees which can endure the cold weath- 
er, without this security. 
In Sweden, it is said, there is but one shrub* destitute of buds, 
and this from the peculiarity of its situation, is always protected 
from the inclemencies of the weather. 
It appears that no perennial plants’ but those furnished with 
scaly buds, can live in climates where it snows a part of the 
year ; the trees of the torrid zone, the w ood of which appears 
hard and firm, perish in our climate. In warm climates the 
buds of the trees are without scales, as the tender shoots do not 
need their protection. 
That there is, in reality, a difference in the nature of vegeta- 
bles, as well as animals, is very apparent ; an orange tree will 
never form scales to protect its buds from cold, any more than 
the most delicate tropical animals can resist the rigors of a 
polar climate. There are cases however in which plants, as well 
as animals, change their habits. The horse-chesnut, in India, 
its native climate, unfolds its leaves to the atmosphere, without 
their receiving any check in their developement ; in a colder 
climate, the leaves in attempting to unfold, are checked in their 
progress, and degenerate into scales, and form buds. 
Some botanists enumerate four kinds of buds. 1st. the bulb ; 
2d. the bulbille ; 3d. the turion, or little bulb ; and 4th. the proper 
bud. 
We have already considered the first kind, or the bulb, under 
the head of roots, where their desciiption seems to be properly 
placed. 
The second kind, or the bulbille, is often found in the axils of 
leaves, as w r as represented by the bulb-bearing stem in the de- 
scription of stems. 
* A species of Rhamnus , which grows under trees, in marshy forests. 
The term bud, how extensive in its application — Scaly buds chiefly con- 
fined to cold countries — Difference in the nature of vegetables — Plants 
sometimes change their habits; example, the Horse-chesnut — Different 
kinds of buds — 1st. Bulb — 2d. Bulbille — 3d. Turion — 1th. Proper bud — How 
divided ? 
6 * 
