214 
ORDER DI-PENTAGYNIA. 
native of Spain, Italy, and Barbary, and flowers from June till 
September. The Greek writers were acquainted with it, and 
we are told by Pliny, that its fruit was sold in the neighborhood 
of Carthage. It is cultivated in England and in the United 
States ; not on account of its fruit, which does not come to per- 
fection so far to the north, but as its large and beautiful scarlet 
flowers render it an ornamental plant. 
The genus Amygdalus contains the peach and the almond. 
The latter is a native of warm countries, and seems to have 
been known in the remotest times of antiquity. 
DI-PENTAGYNIA. 
The four orders in the class Icosandria, which follow the 
first, are included under one, called Di-petagynia, signifying two 
and five pistils. We find in this order the hawthorn, (Cratae- 
gus,) a shrub with deep green foliage, white flowers and scarlet 
berries, and with very large and strong thorns. 
The genus Pyrus which contains the apple and pear, belongs 
to the natural order Pomaceae.* The varieties of these fruits are 
the effect of cultivation, not the produce of different species. 
By means of grafting or inoculation, which consists in insert- 
ing the bud of one tree into another, good fruit maybe produced 
upon a tree which before produced a poorer kind. 
Linnaeus’ natural order Pomacece is included by Jussieu in his 
family Rosacea ?, having rosaceous corollas. This family is di- 
vided into sections ; as the Pomacece , having its fruit fleshy like 
the apple and pear ; the Rosce , having urn form calyxes ; Amyg- 
dalae. , having drupe like fruits, &c. 
POLYGYNIA. 
In the 13th order we find the Rose ; this, in its natural state 
contains but five petals ; it is remarkable for the change of its 
stamens to petals by cultivation. Several species of the Rose 
are indigenous to North America ; as the small wild rose, the 
sweet briar, and swamp rose. Red and white 7'oses are remark- 
able in English history as emblems of the houses of York and 
Lancaster; for when those families contended for the crown, 
in the reign of Henry the sixth, the white rose distinguished the 
partizans of the house of York, and the red those of Lancaster. 
Among the nations of the east, particularly in Persia, the rose 
* So called from Pomum, an apple. 
Amygdalus — Order Di-Pentandria — Hawthorn — Pyrus, varieties by 
grafting — Family Rosaceae divided into sections — Order Polygnia — Rose. 
