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CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS. 
It includes all soft animals of the avertebral division, which have 
no jointed limbs, with or without hard coverings ; as angle 
worms, snails, oysters, polypi, and infusory animals.”* 
The system of Zoology most approved, is the one taught by 
Linnaeus, with some improvements made by the great French 
naturalist, Cuvier ; according to this mode of classsification, the 
animal kingdom is divided into four grand divisions, viz : — 
Vertebral, Molluscous, Articulated, and Radiated. These 
are subdivided into classes and orders. 
First Grand Division — Vertebral Animals. 
Class i. Mammalia, or such as at first are nourished by 
milk. This class have lungs, and peculiar organs for imbibing 
their food, during their first stage of existence. 
The First Order is called Bi-mani , (from bis two, mani 
hands;) this order includes man only ; we find here no generic or 
specific differences, but the following varieties. 
1st. Caucasian race, anciently inhabiting the country about 
the Caspian and Black Seas, from whom we are descended. 
2d. The Mongolian , the ancient inhabitants about the Pacific 
Ocean, from whom the Chinese are descended. 
3d. The Ethiopian, or Negro race. 
The second order contains the quadru-mani , from quatuor 
four, and mani hands. These have thumbs, or toes separate, on 
each of the four feet. We here find Orang-outang, (sometimes 
called the wild-man,) and the Monkey. 
The Third Order contains Carnivorous animals, or fesh- 
feeders, having no separate thumbs, or great toes without nails ; 
as the Dog and Cat. 
The Fourth Order contains the Gnawers, having no canine 
teeth, (those which are called eye-teeth,) feeding almost wholly 
on vegetable substances; as the Rat and Squiirel. 
The Fifth Order is Edentata, or animals wanting teeth ; as 
the Sloth and Armadillo. 
The Sixth Order, Pachyderma, thick skin animals with 
hoofs ; as the Elephant, Horse, and Hog. 
The Seventh Order contains the Dominating animals, such 
as chew the cud, having front teeth (incisors) below only, and 
feet with hoofs cloven, or divided ; as the Ox, Sheep, and Camel. 
The Eighth Order, Cete, contains aquatic animals, (such as 
live in water,) having no kind of feet, or whose feet are fin-like- 
limbs ; as the Whale and Dolphin. 
We have enumerated all the orders of the class Mammalia, as 
it is the one in which man is placed ; we shall now notice the 
* Eaton’s Zoology. 
Cuvier’s four grand divisions — First division containing four classes — 
