MAMMALIA. 
62 
the next group, which chiefly differs from the third {Brachyurus, Spix), in possessing a long tail : the hair is 
comparatively short, and in the Jacket Saki of a rich dark brown, except on the head, where it is longer, crisped, 
and deep black, as is also its fine bushy beard. Others would appear intermediate, as the P. satanas, Humb. : 
seemingly allied to which is the Brachyurus israelitus of Spix, and the diminutive P. melanoeephala of Humboldt.* 
These last are represented as mainly frugivorous, and the first to be great destroyers both of wild bees and their 
honey. They are said to inhabit the very depth of the forest, and to repose during mid-day ; are moderately 
social, and crepuscular if not nocturnal in their time of action.] 
There are also some, 
The Sagouins {Callithrix, Geof.), — 
The tail of which is slender, and the teeth do not project. They were a long time associated with the 
Saimiri, hut the head of the Sagouins is much higher, and their canines considerably shorter. Such 
are 
The Masked ^2igomn(C. personata, Geof.), the Widow Sagouin (C. lugens, Humb.), [and several others ; some of 
which have been ascertained to live in pairs, while others, (as the C. melanochir, Pr. Max.), assemble in numerous 
bands, and make a loud and unpleasant yelping about sunrise. They are very carnivorous, though small, and 
spring to a considerable distance on birds and other prey, for which they lie in wait ; are also dexterous in seizing 
flying insects with the hand. They have none of the sprightliness of the Saimiri.] 
The Douroucouli {Nocthorus, F. Cuv. ; Nyct^ithecus, Spix : improperly named Aotus by Illiger), — 
Only differ from the Sagouins by their great nocturnal eyes, and in their ears being partly hidden 
under the hair. 
[Three species are now known, of somewhat Lemur-like appearance, but still having no particular relation- 
ship with the Lemurs. They are almost lethargic by day, which they pass in the darkest recesses of the hollows 
of trees ; but at night are all energy and activity, and subsist on small birds and insects, as well as fruit : they 
drink little, and appear to live in pairs.] 
All the foregoing animals are from Guiana or Brazil. 
The Ouistitis {Hapale, Illiger), — 
Constitute a small genus, similar to the Sakis, and which was long confounded in the great 
genus Simla. They have, in fact, like the American Monkey-like animals in general, the 
head round, visage flat, nostrils lateral, the buttocks hairy, no cheek-pouches j and, like the 
latter divisions of them in particular, the tail not prehensile : but they have only twenty 
grinders, like those of the old continent. All their nails are compressed and pointed, except 
those of the hinder thumbs [a character to which the immediately preceding divisions approx- 
imate], and their anterior thumbs are so httle separated from the other digits, that we hesi- 
tate to apply the name Quadrumana to them. All are diminutive animals of pleasing forms, 
and are easily tamed. [Their brain is surprisingly low, almost without convolutions.] 
M. Geoffrey distinguishes the Ouistitis, properly so called, by the name Jacchus. They are the 
Marmosets {Hapale, as restricted), — 
Which, for characters, have the inferior incisors pointed, and placed in a curved Mne, equalling the 
canines. Their tail is annulated, and well covered with hair ; and their ears are generally tufted. 
[Seven or eight species are tolerably established, some of which are subject to vary. These pretty little creatures 
are gregarious, and very indiscriminate feeders ; are indeed rapacious, and in confinement will eagerly seize and 
prey on gold fishes, &c. They produce two or three young at a birth.] 
M. Geoffroy designates as 
Tamarins {Midas ), — 
Those species which have inferior trenchant incisors placed in an almost straight line, and shorter 
than the canines. Their tail is also more slender, and not annulated. 
[These differ more than the others, and are also somewhat variable in colour. At least seven or eight have been 
ascertained, of which the Pinche {Sim. cedipus, Lin.), is the longest known. Those curious little beings, the 
Silky Tamarin(M. rosalia), and the Leoncito, or Lion Monkey of Humboldt {M. leoninus), fall under this division. 
* It is probable that all but the members of the first should range in the division Brachyurus, Spix, (provided this be separable,) which 
name is consequently ill-chosen.— Ed. 
