CARNARIA. 
69 
phalanges, like that of the preceding, has no nail. The membranes of their wings, instead of meeting 
at the flank, are joined to each other at the middle of the back, to which they adhere by a vertical and 
longitudinal partition [a character which occurs, however, more or less completely, that is, the volar 
membrane is attached more or less near to the middle of the hack, in some of the Roussettes]. 
They have often only two incisors [when adult, which are inserted in small curved interma^yllaries, 
that are moveable backwards and forwards]. 
M. Isidore Geoflroy, in a monograph of this genus \_Pteropus], ioxms the Pt. personatuSy'Yem.., 
and some allied species, into the subgenus Pachysoma,' has four molars less than the others, and 
the zygomatic arches more projecting : the Pt. minimus or rostratus composes his subgenus Macro- 
glossus, the muzzle of which is longer and more slender, and there are spaces between the grinders ; 
it is believed that the tongue is extensile [now known to be slightly so, and of a rather longer and 
more acuminate form than in the others]. Lastly, he separates the Cephalot of Peron from that of Pallas, 1 
and applies to the former the name Hypodermis, on account of the complete dorsal insertion of the 
membranes of its wings.”* ^ 
[M. Temminck, in his excellent monograph of the Pteropidce, or frugivorous Bats (published in 1835), adopts, as 
generic, the divisions Pteropus, Pachysoma {Cynopterus, F. Cuv.), Cephalotes, Geof. {Hypodermis, Is. Geof.), 
Harpyia, Illiger {Cephalotes, Is. Geof.), and Macroglossus.-\ Six species are known of Pachysoma, which present 
some other peculiar characters, 
and vary in size from ten to twenty 
inches across : the remaining three 
respectively consist of one known 
species only, viz., C. Peronii, 
sometimes two and a half feet 
in extent,—!?. Pallasii (fig. 9), a 
singular looking animal, from Ti- 
mour, fourteen inches across, with 
a claw on its fore-finger (like the 
Cephalot), and projecting tubular 
nostrils, — and M. rostratus, the 
Kiodote, the smallest of the tribe, 
rarely measuring a foot in spread 
of wing, and which is known to 
subsist chiefly on the fruit of the 
Clove {Eugenia) ; its grinders are 
remarkably diminutive. Between 
these frugivorous Cheiroptera and 
the following genera, the lapse is 
very considerable.] 
The Roussettes having been detached, the genuine Bats remain, all of which [excepting Desmodusl are 
insectivorous, and possess three grinders on each side of both jaws, beset with conical points, and 
preceded by a variable number of false molars. Their index never has a nail, and, a single sub- 
genus excepted, the membrane always extends between their hind-legs. [The greater number have 
cheek-pouches, and most, if not all, emit a peculiar low clicking note.] 
They should be divided into two principal tribes : the first having three bony phalanges to the 
middle finger of the wing, while the other finger and the index even have only two. To this tribe, 
which is almost exclusively foreign, belong the following subgenera : — 
The Molossines {Molossus, Geof. Dysopus%, Illig.) 
These have the muzzle simple ; the ears broad and short, arising near the angle of the lips, and 
uniting with each other upon the muzzle ; the tragus short, and not enveloped by the conch. Their 
tail occupies the whole length of the interfemoral membrane, and very often extends beyond it. 
[Their wings are narrow, and body large and heavy.] It is seldom that they have more than two in- 
cisors to each jaw : but, according to M. Temminck, several of them have at first six below, four of 
which they successively lose. 
* This, passage occurs in the Appendix to the original work. — Ed. I is likewise used in Ornithology, where another appellation must be 
+ The term Macroglossus, however, has unfortunately been pre- | substituted. — Ed. 
occupied in Entomology: for which reason Kiodotus (the common 1 J This term is more generally accepted.— Ed. 
name of the species, latinized) may be proposed in Its stead. Harpyia | 
Fig. 9.— Harpyia Pallasii. 
