76 
MAMMALIA. 
Many of the foregoing animals fly with their young involved in the interfemoral membrane, 
extremity of the tail in some is slightly prehensile. 
The 
We would remark, here, that the order Primaria, indicated at p. 43, resolves into two 
primary sections, of which the second is constituted by the Cheiroptera, as opposed to the 
remainder, or the Bimana and Quadrumana of Cuvier. We regard the Cheiroptera as 
divisible into two groups only of the value of families, namely, Pteropidce, comprising the 
frugivorous genera, and Vespertilionidce, comprehending all the remainder, which may pro- 
bably be reduced to seven or eight primary divisions. The remains of insectivorous Cheiroptera 
have been detected in the European tertiary deposits.]* 
The Colugos {Galeeopithecus, Pallas) — 
Differ generically from the Bats in having their fingers, which are armed with trenchant nails, no 
longer than the toes, so that the membrane which occupies their intervals, and extends to the sides of 
the tail, can only officiate as a parachute. Their canines are dentelated, and as short as the molars. 
They have two [four] dentelated incisors above, very widely apart; six below t, split into narrow 
strips hke a comb, a structm*e altogether pe- 
culiar. These animals live on the trees in the 
Indian archipelago, and pursue insects, and per- 
haps birds ; to judge from the detrition which 
their teeth experience with age, they would ap- 
pear to subsist also upon fruits. They have d., 
large ccecum. 
[This remarkable genus accords chiefly with the 
Bats in the adaptive structure of its hind extremities, 
and in the tail being completely attached to interfe- 
moral membrane : the molars, also, are sharply tuber- 
culated, implying an insectivorous regimen, at least 
in part ; but this character is common to several Strep- 
sirrhini: there is also a tendency to an opposable 
power in both the fore and hind thumbs. The 
general anatomy agrees very closely with that of the 
Lemurs ; one marked feature in which it diifers from 
the Bats is, the presence of a large coecum, as intimated 
by Cuvier. The orbits of the skull, though raised, 
are much less approximated than in the Lemurs, and 
incomplete ; in which respect this genus chiefly devi- 
ates from the type of the Quadrumana. A parachute 
membrane occurs, likewise, among the Squirrels and 
Phalangers, only not extending to the tail, as in the 
present instance ; this, therefore,is merely an adaptive 
character of minor importance. Linnaeus designated 
the only species he knew Lemur volans. 
“ Two species,” remarks Temminck, “ are strongly 
characterized by their osteology which may be pre- 
sumed to be those provisionally named by Waterhouse 
G. TemmincUi, and G. philippinensis, both of which are extremely variable in colour. The former is more exten- 
sively diffused, and superior in its linear dimensions, but with smaller hands and ears ; its teeth are separated by 
intervals, and the parietal ridges of the cranium are widely apart : in the latter there are no interspaces between 
the teeth, which are much stouter and broader ; the jaw is accordingly much stronger, and to impart ad- 
ditional vigour to the muscles which operate upon it, the parietal ridges, to which they are attached, almost meet 
on the occiput. They inhabit lofty trees in dark woods ; to which they cling with all four extremities, and traverse 
easily by means of their strong and extremely compressed, very hitching claws ; they also leap and float a dis- 
tance of a hundred yards in an inclined plane, supported by the membrane. They are very inoffensive animals, 
subsisting in part on the leaves of the nanka, or jack-fruit ; and when captured, do not attempt to bite, as has often 
Fig. 21.— GalaBopitheous Temminckii. 
* Our plan only permitting us to class those animals the characters 
of which we have personally ascertained, or from very complete 
descriptions and figures, we have been obliged to omit several genera 
of MM. Kafinesque, Leach, &c. ; and may here observe that there is 
no group of animals which stands more in need of revision than 
that of the Bats— a revision from Nature, and not from compilation. 
[Their mutual affinities particularly require elucidation.] 
t Analogy with the Lemurs intimates that the exterior of these 
represent the canines. — Ed. 
