84 
MAMMALIA. 
The Jungle Bear {J7. laUatus, Blainv. : U. longirostris, Tied : Bradypus ursinus, Shaw), which has the nasal 
cartilage dilated, and the tip of the under lip elongated, both lips being moveable : when old, very long shaggy 
hairs surround the head. The muzzle and tips of the paws are fulvous or whitish, and there is a half-collar 
or Y-like marking on the fore-neck and cheek. [The incisors of this species generally drop at an early 
age.] It is a favourite with the Indian jugglers 
on account of its uncouth appearance. 
M. Horstield describes another Bear from Nipal 
of a light bay colour, the nails of which are less 
trenchant than those of the other Bears of India, 
and which appears to him a distinct species. We 
have also recovered many fossil bones of lost spe- 
cies of Bears ; the most remarkable of which are 
U. spelceus, Blumenb., with a rounded forehead, 
and of very large size; and U. cultridensXxxv., for 
which see the fourth vol. of my Ossemens Fos- 
siles: [another extinct species {U. sivalensis, 
Cant, and Falc.), has been detected in the Sh’alik 
deposits of the sub-Himmalayas.] Lastly, 
The Polar Bear (Ursus maritimus, Lin.), is yet 
another species, very distinctly characterized by 
its lengthened and flat head, and by its smooth 
and white fur. It pursues Seals and other marine 
animals [on the polar ice, but in captivity will 
thrive, like the rest, on vegetable food only. It is the largest of the genus,] and exaggerated reports of its voracity 
have rendered it very celebrated. [It constitutes the Thalaretos of Gray.] 
■The Jungle Bear. 
The Raccoons {Procyon, Storr.) — 
Have three tuberculous back molars [the first representing the carnivorous tooth], of which the superior 
are nearly square, and three pointed false molars before them, forming a continuous series to the 
canines, which are straight and compressed. Their tail is [moderately] long ; hut the rest of theiH 
exterior is that of a Bear in miniature. They rest the whole sole of their foot on the ground onl^ 
when they are still, raising the heel when they advance. [Are peculiar to the western continent.] 
The Common Raccoon (Ursus lotor, lAn. Mapach of the Mexicans.) — Greyish brown; the muzzle white 
brown streak across the eyes : tail annulated with brown and white rings. An animal the size of a Badger, whicM 
is easily tamed, and remarkable for a singular instinct of eating nothing that it has not previously dipped in water? 
It is a native of North America, and subsists on eggs, birds, &c. 
The Crab-eating Raccoon (P. cancrivorus, Buff. Supp. vi. xxxii.)— Uniform ash-brown ; the caudal rings les^^ 
distinct. From South America. [Three others have been described by Prof. Wiegmann, (see Ann. Nat. Hist^ 
i. 133), of which P. Lfemandm, Wagler, would appear to be dubiously separable from P. ?ofor.] 
The Panda {Ailurus, F. Cuv.) — 
Appears to approximate the Raccoons by its canines and what is known of its other teeth ; except 
- - ' false molar. Gen. Hardwicke has since described it to have four square tuberculous J 
that it has only one 
molars, and one trenchant false molar in front, at a short distance from the canine.'’ The head is 
short ; tail [rather] long ; gait plantigrade, the toes five in number, with half-retractile nails. J 
Only one is known, the Bright Panda (A. refulgens, F. Cuv.) -Size of a large Cat ; the fur soft and thickly set : 
above of the richest cinnamon-red ; behind more fulvous, and deep black beneath. The head is whitish, and the tail 
annulated with brown. This beautiful species, one of 
the handsomest of known quadrupeds, from the moun- 
tains of the north of India, was sent to Europe by my 
late son-in-law, M. Alfred du Vaucel. [It frequents 
the vicinity of rivers and mountain torrents, passes 
much of its time upon trees, and feeds on birds and 
the smaller quadrupeds. Is generally discovered by 
means of its loud cry or call, which resembles the sound 
wha, often repeated. The soles of its feet are hairy,] 
THEBiNTURONGs(/e#zt?e^,Valenc.;Afre^ic^es,Tem.) 
Are also related to the Raccoons by their denti- 
tion ; hut the three superior back molars are 
considerably smaller, and less tuberculous, the 
last one of each jaw more particularly, which is very small and almost simple. These animals are 
Fig. 22. — Ailurus fulgeus. 
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