CARNARIA. 
99 
The Monk {Pelagius, P. Cuv.) — 
Also possesses four incisors to each jaw ; but the grinders form obtuse cones, with a slightly marked 
process before and behind. There is one in the Mediterranean, 
Ph. monachus, Gm., from ten to twelve feet in length. It is particularly found among the Grecian and Adriatic 
Isles, and was probably the species best known to the ancients. 
[The Halkets {Halich(Brus, Nilsson). 
Grinding teeth of the upper jaw simple ; those of the lower with an inconspicuous tubercle before and 
behind. Muzzle deep and obliquely truncated : the head flat, and brain comparatively very small. 
H. gryphus. Nils., a species nearly as large as the Bearded Seal, inhabits the Baltic and British seas, where it 
would seem to be not uncommon. Its intelligence has been observed to be very inferior to that of the 
tnio 
The Hoodcap {Stemmatopus, F. Cuv.). 
Four superior, and two inferior incisors ; the grinders compressed and slightly three-lobed, supported 
by thick roots. 
Ph. cristata, Gm. ; Ph. leonina, Fabr.~A species attaining a length of seven or eight feet, with loose skin upon 
the head, which can be inflated into a sort of cowl, and is drawn over the eyes when the animal is menaced, at 
which time the nostrils also are puffed out like bladders. From the Arctic Ocean. 
Finally, 
The Myroungas {MacrorJdnus, F. Cuv. ; \Cystophora^ Nilsson,] ) — 
Possess, with the incisors of the preceding, obtuse conical molars (fig. 39) [but massive canines], and 
muzzle lengthened into a short moveable proboscis. The 
largest known Seal is of this subgenus ; the 
Ph. leonina, Lin. — Twenty to twenty-four feet in length [sometimes 
thirty, according to English measure, and of great proportionate 
bulk]. Brown, the muzzle of the male terminated by a Wrinkled 
snout, which becomes inflated when the animal is angry. It is common 
in the southern latitudes of the Pacific Ocean, and of great request for 
the quantity of very superior oil with which it abounds. 
Those with external ears. 
The Otaries {Otaria, Peron), — 
Are worthy of being formed into a separate genus, inasmuch 
as, besides the projecting auditory conch, the four middle upper incisors have a double cutting edge (a 
i structure not hitherto remarked in any other animal) ; the exterior are simple and very small, and the 
I four inferior forked : the molars are all simply conical. The toes of their anterior swimming-paws 
[which are placed far backward] are almost immoveable ; and the membrane of their hind feet is 
prolonged into a flap beyond each toe ; all the nails are thin and flat. 
; Ph.jubata, Gm. {Sea Lion of Steller, Pernatty, 
i &c., but not of Anson, which refers to the My- 
i rounga ; the latter being also the Sea Wolf of Per- 
! natty). From fifteen to twenty feet [French], and 
I more, in length : the neck of the male covered 
I with more frizzled and thickly-set hairs than 
those on the other parts of the body. From the 
South Pacific. 
[The Falkland Otary, or Fur Seal of com- 
merce (C. FalMandia, Desm.)— Remarkable for 
the great disproportionate size of the sexes (if, 
indeed, the same does not apply to all its con- 
geners) ; the full-grown male, according to 
Weddell, measuring 6 ft. 9 inch.; the female 
only 34 feet. It is polygamous, in the proportion of 
one male to about twenty females. The fur is 
an esteemed article of commerce ; and so abun- 
dant was the species formerly in various locali- 
ties, that for a period of fifty years, not less than 
1,200,000 skins were annually obtained from a 
single island]. 
