MAMMALIA. 
100 
The Ursal (Ph. ursina, Gm. \Arctocep1ialus ursinus, F. Cuv. fig. 40,]— Eight feet long, no mane, varying from 
brown to whitish. From the north of the Pacific Ocean. 
The Morse (Trichecus, Lin.) — 
Kesembles the Seals in the general form of its body and limbs, but differs considerably from them in ' 
the head and teeth. The lower jaw has neither incisors nor canines, and is compressed anteriorly to 
pass between two enormous canines or tusks which issue from the upper one, and which are directed 
downwards, attaining sometimes a length of twm feet, with proportionate thickness. The magnitude 
of the sockets requisite for holding such enormous canines raises up the whole front of the upper jaw, 
so as to form a thick bulging muzzle, the nostrils opening upwards, instead of being terminal. The 
molars are all short cylinders, obliquely truncated. There are four [or five] on each side above and 
below ; but at a certain age, two of the upper ones fall out. Between the canines are two incisors 
similar to the molars, which the majority of observers have overlooked, as they are not fixed in the ® 
intermaxillary bones ; and between these again, in young individuals, are two pointed and 
small ones. 
The stomach and intestines of the Morse are nearly similar to those of the Seals : and it appears ^ 
that they subsist on fuci as well as on animal substances. 
One species only has been ascertained, the Morse or Walrus {Tr. rosmarus, L.) ; an inhabitant of all parts of the 
Arctic seas, exceeding the largest Bull in bulk ; it attains a length of twenty feet, and is covered with short yel- 
lowish hair. This animal is much sought for on account of its oil and tusks ; the ivory of which, though coarse- 
grained, is employed in the arts. The skin makes excellent coach-braces. [A strai)ge assertion originated with I 
Sir E. Home, that the feet of the Morse possess suckers, by which it is enabled to ascend perpendicular ice-bergs. J 
There is no foundation for this statement. l| 
It is difficult to intercalate the Amphibia in the series of Carnivora, and to determine to 
what extent their peculiarities should be regarded as adaptive modifications, based on the 
rudimental structure of the whole order. 
At the head of the Carnivora we prefer to place the Dogs or Canidcv, follow^ed by the 
ViverridcB and Felidce : the Seals or Phocidce might, we conceive, next range with less impro- 
priety than elsewhere : and after them the Mustelidce, and Ur sides j then, finally, the Insectivora, ^ 
which the author ranks as equivalent to all the foregoing. The Cheiroptera, or Bats, we 
deem to he subordinate rather to the preceding order. 
Remains of nearly all the principal genera and some additional ones have been found, more 
or less abundantly, in the tertiary strata, or deposits overlying the chalk, hut not in beds of 
anterior formation.] 
THE FOURTH ORDER OF MAMMALIANS,— 
MARSUPIATA,— 
{Or that of the Pouched Animals ,) — 
With which we formerly terminated the Carnaria, as a fourth family of that great ordinal 
division, presents so many singularities in the economy of its members, that we are induced to 
separate and elevate it to its present position ; the more particularly, as we observe in it a 
sort of representation of three very different orders. 
The first of all their peculiarities is the premature production of their young, which are 
born in a state of developement scarcely comparable to that of an ordinary foetus a few days 
after conception. Incapable of motion, and barely exhibiting the rudiments of limbs and 
