RUMINANTIA. 
139 
The Antelopes {Antilope, Lin.) — 
Have the substance of the bony nucleus of the horn solid, with neither pores nor cavity, like the 
antlers of the Stags. They also further resemble the Stags in possessing infra-orbital sinuses, in the 
slenderness of their form, and speed of foot. They compose a very numerous genus [consisting now 
of more than seventy well-ascertained species], which we have been compelled to subdivide principally 
after the shape of the horns. 
a. Horns annulated, with a double curvature ; the points forward, or inward and upward, [in other words, annu- 
lated and lyrated ; also placed forward on the head, above the eye : the muzzle and around the nostrils hairy. 
This is the most characteristic section of the genus, and the species composing it may be distinguished by the 
term Gazelles.'] 
The Numidian Gazelle (A. dorcas, Lin.). — Round, thick, and black horns, with the size and graceful shape 
of the Roe: pale fulvous above, white below; a brown band along each flank, a tuft of hair on each knee, 
and a deep pouch on each groin. Inhabits the north of Africa in innumerable herds, which form a circle when 
attacked, presenting horns on every side. Is the ordinary prey of the Lion and the Panther. The soft expression 
of its eye supplies the Arabic poets with many images. 
[To this division belong also the A. euchore, Kevella,* Bennettii, arabica, corinna, Soemmeringii, mhorr, dama, 
ruficollis, melampus, and pygargus, which last seems to tend through A. caama, bubalus, &c., to the Gnus. The 
author likewise includes A. gutturosa, Pallas, the Hoang-yang or Yellow Goat of the Chinese, herds of which 
inhabit the arid plains of Central Asia, and the A. saiga, Pal., or Coins of Strabo, a European animal, indigenous 
to the south of Poland and Russia] ; it is as large as a Fallow Deer, and fulvous in summer, whitish-grey in 
winter. Its cartilaginous, thick, and vaulted muzzle, with very expanded nostrils, obliges it to retrograde in 
feeding. The herd sometimes consists of more than ten thousand individuals. [We are inclined to approximate 
to the Saiga a remarkable species from Northern India, the Chiru (A. Hodgsoni, Abel) ; it is somewhat less than 
the Fallow Deer, of a whitish colour, with the face and front of the limbs black ; horns nearly straight, or but slightly 
lyrated, and remarkably long and slender, rising abruptly from the forehead. Among the true Gazelles, may be 
particularly noticed the Springer, or Spring-bole {A. euchore) of the Cape colonists, so celebrated for occasionally 
visiting, during seasons of drought, the cultivated lands 
of South Africa in innumerable herds, which devastate 
wherever they pass.] It is larger than the Numidian 
Gazelle (A. dorcas), and nearly of the same form and co- 
lour ; is distinguished by a fold of skin on the crupper, 
clothed with long white hairs, which opens and enlarges at 
every bound the animal takes. [The A. So'emmeringii is 
still larger, and of a delicate pale buff-yellow or nankeen 
colour, the hairs singularly disposed in zig-zag patches, 
imparting a peculiar waved appearance.] 
b. Horns annulated, and with a triple [spiral] curve. 
The Indian Antelope (A . cervicapra, Lin .) .—Still very like 
the Gazelles, but the horns have a triple flexure. [Colour 
variable, black or different shades of brown, relieved with 
white around theeyes, and below: this animal is remarkable 
for the great developement of its infra-orbital cavities]. 
Tlie Addax, or Nubian Antelope (A. addax, Licht.). — Also three curves to the horns, which are larger and more 
slender than those of the preceding : it is whitish, tinged with grey on the back, and has a large brown spot on 
the forehead. [There are horns in both sexes, as in 
most of the foregoing: this animal seems to be allied 
rather to A. strepsiceros, pertaining to a subsequent 
section.] 
e. Homs annulated, with a double curve, but winding 
in an opposite direction to those of the preceding, 
the points directed backward ; the Damalis of H. Smith, 
in part. 
The Bubalus of the ancients (A. bubalus, Lin.). — More 
heavily formed than the others ; the head [very] long 
[and the eyes situate remarkably backward] : size of 
a Stag, and yellowish-brown, except the end of the 
tail, which is terminated by a black tuft. A common 
species in Barbary. The .4. caama, or Harte-beeste of the 
Cape colonists, [and A. lunata,] range in this division. 
[These animals have much the aspect of a small Cow, and inhabit the more sterile regions of Africa in small 
herds, headed by an old male. They are easily domesticated.] 
* The A. subgutturota, Gm., remarks the author, has not been pretended to dififer from A. Kevella, further than in having a slight swelling 
under the throat. 
Fig. 57.— Spring.bok. 
. 
