RUMINANTIA. 
141 
Fig. 62. — Prong-horned Antelope. 
Near it, we conceive, should be placed the Addax, together with the A. sylvaiica, decula, scripta, and one 
or two others. The A. scripta, or Harnessed Antelope, is an 
elegant small species, the Guih of Buffon, of a lively fulvous 
colour, marked with harness-lWe. white stripes and spots. 
The A. zebra has dark regular stripes across the crupper.] 
i. Horns bifurcated, (AntUocapra, Ord ; Dicranoceros, 
Smith). 
Of all the forms of hollow horns, this is the most singular : 
a compressed branch is given off from their base or trunk, 
almost like the antler of a Stag ; the pointed tips curve back- 
ward. The best known species is 
The Cabril of the Canadians (A. furcifera, H. Smith), which 
inhabits the extensive plains of the centre and west of North 
America in vast herds : its size is nearly that of the Roe : hair 
thick, waved, and reddish ; the antler of its horns situate 
near the middle of their height. [Nearly allied is the A. pal- 
mata, Smith, decidedly a distinct species, which has palmated 
forked horns, that it employs in scooping away the snow : it is 
a mountain animal, the range of which appears to be more southward than that of the other.] 
h. Four horns (Tetraceros, Leach). 
This subdivision, recently discovered in India, was not unknown to the ancients. ./Elian speaks of it, xv. c. 14, 
by the name of the Four-horned Oryx * : the anterior pair are before the eyes, the posterior completely behind the 
frontal. [As the position of the horns varies in some groups of two-horned Antelopes, it may be that the anterior 
pair of the four-horned species are represented in the greater number, and the posterior pair in the Bush Ante- 
lopes {Philantomba).'] 
The Tchicarra (A. chicarra, Hardw.).— Size of a Roe, and nearly uniform fulvous : no horns in the female sex. 
It is found in the forests of Hindostan. The A. quadricornis, Blainv., is only known to me by a cranium, the 
anterior horns of which are proportionally larger ; perhaps it may only differ in age. 
1. Two smooth horns. 
The Nylghau {A. picta, and trago-camelus, Gm.). — As large as a Stag, and larger : horns short, and recurved for- 
ward, peculiar to the male sex ; a beard under the middle of the neck. Inhabits India. 
The Chamois {A. rupricapra, Lin.).— The only ruminant of western Europe that can be compared with the 
Antelopes, but presenting peculiar characters. Its smooth horns are curved abruptly backward like a hook : behind 
each ear, is a sac beneath the skin, which opens externally by a small orifice.f Its size is that of a large Goat. 
Hair deep brown, with a black band descending from the eye towards the middle. Tliis species traverses rocks and 
precipices with extreme agility, inhabiting in small troops the middle region of the highest mountains. [The 
A. thar, sumatrensis, ghorral, and other goat-like species, seem to be allied to this group and to that of 
A. strepsiceros.'] 
Col. Smith separates from the Antelopes, under the generic title of 
The Gnus (Catoblepas),— 
The Antilope gnu, Gm. ; a very extraordinary species, which, at first sight, seems to be a monstrous being, 
compounded of parts of different animals. It has the body and crupper of a small Horse, covered with brown 
hair ; the tail furnished with long white hairs, like that of a Horse ; and on the neck a beautiful flowing mane, 
white at base, and black at the tip of the hairs. Its horns, approximated and enlarged at the base, like those of 
the Cape Buffalo, descend outwardly, and turn up at the point ; the muzzle is large, flat, and surrounded by a 
circle of projecting hairs : under the throat and dewlap is another black mane ; and the legs are as slender 
and light as those of a Stag. Both sexes have horns. 
This animal inhabits the mountains northward of the Cape ; where it does not appear common, although the 
ancients seem to have had some knowledge of it. [There are two other very distinct species, the Brindled Gnu 
(C. gorgon), and the Taurine Gnu (C. taurina), both also from the interior of South Africa.] 
Tlie three remaining genera have the bony core of the horns occupied, to a considerable 
extent, with cells, that communicate with the frontal sinuses. The direction of their horns 
characterizes the several divisions. 
The Goats {Capra, Lin.) — 
Have the horns directed upwards and backwards : their chin is generally furnished with a long beard, 
and the chanfrin almost always concave. 
♦ The fossil cranium and some other bones of a gigantic four-horned 
ruminant, have lately been discovered in the productive Sivolik 
deposits of Northern India, the Sivatherium, Caut, and Falc ; twice 
the size of a large Ox. — E d. 
t It was perhaps a miscomprehension of the nature of this aperture, 
which led the ancients to say, after Empedocles, that Goats breathed 
through their ears. 
