180 
AVES. 
the forehead, occupying the site of the frontal feathers, — laterally compressed, and emarginated. The 
nostrils, small and linear, are not surrounded by a membranous space. i 
They are large birds of Australia and the neighbouring islands, which naturalists have arbitrarily dispersed in i 
several genera. They are said to be very noisy and ciamorous, and pursue small Birds : [are also docile, and i 
readily learn to whistle airs with remarkable power and execution]. , 
The Chalybeans {Chalyhcsus, Cuv.) — I 
Have the beak similar to that of the Baritahs, except that it is rather less thick at the base, and the 
nostrils are pierced in a large membranous space. The known species are indigenous to New Guinea, i 
and are remarkable for their fine tints, resembling burnished steel. ' 
The Paradisian Chalybean (C. paradisteus, Cuv. ; Paradiscea viridis, Gm.). — The feathers on the head and neck 
like curled velvet, which, together with the lustre of its hues, has caused it to be ranked among the Birds of 
Paradise. 
The Tufted Chalybean (C. cornutus, 111. ; Barita Keraudrenii, Lesson). — Two pointed tufts of feathers on the i 
occiput ; and the trachea forms three circles before it reaches the lungs.* 
The Psaras (Psaris, Cuv. ; Tetyra, Vieillot,) — 
Have a conical beak, very thick, and round at its base, but not extending backward upon the forehead; j 
the point is slightly compressed and hooked. i 
The species inhabit South America, and that best known is j 
The Cayenne Vsara (Lanius cayanus, Gm.), which is ash-coloured, with the head, wings, and tail, black. Its ] 
manners resemble those of the Shrikes. There are many others. ! 
The Choucaris {Graucalus, Cuv.) — \ 
Have the bill less compressed than in the Shrikes, the ridges of its upper mandible sharp, and regu- i 
larly arcuated throughout its length ; the commissure of the beak is slightly arched. The feathers 
which sometimes cover the nostrils have occasioned them to have been approximated to the Crows, 
but the emargination of the beak removes them from that genus [ ? ] 
They inhabit, like the Baritahs, the remotest parts of the Indian Ocean. Some have very brilliant plumage, and 
compose the Pirola of Temminck, or Ptilonorhynchus, Kuhl, founded on the head-feathers being more like velvet. 
Sphecotheres, Vieillot, only diifers from the others in being rather more naked round the eyes. 
To the Choucaris may be approximated one of the most beautiful of the birds lately discovered in those regions, 
the Coracias puella, Lath. ; Irena puella, Horsf. ; Drongo azure, Tern. ; a Javanese species, of a velvet black, the 
back of which is of the most splendid ultramarine blue that can possibly be imagined. 
The Bethules {Bethylus, Cuv. ; Cissopus, Vieillot). 
The beak thick, short, uniformly bulging, and slightly compressed towards its tip. 
We know but of one, which has the form and colours of our common Magpie— leverianus, Shaw ; 
L. picatus, Latham). 
The Falconets (Falcunculus, Vieillot) — 
Have a compressed beak, almost as high as long, with the ridge of the upper mandible arcuated. [They 
are merely Tits, with a somewhat shrike-like hill, and resemble our common Pari in their manners, 
notes, nidification, eggs, and plumage]. 
The Crested Falconet {Lanius frontatus, Latham).— Size of a Sparrow, and nearly the same colours as our com- 
mon Great Tit : the coronal feathers of the male form a crest. It inhabits New Holland. [Some of the Malaconoti 
are nearly allied.] 
The Pardalotes {Pardalotus, Vieillot) — 
Have a short beak, slightly compressed, the upper mandible with a sharp arcuated ridge, and its tip 
emarginated. They are very small birds, with a short tail. 
The best-known species {Pipra punctata, Shaw), is partly sprinkled with white, like an Amaduvat. From 
New Holland, [where there are many others]. 
The Flycatchers {Muscicapa, Lin.) — - 
Have the beak horizontally depressed, and armed with bristles at its base, with the point more or less 
decurved and emarginated. Their general habits are those of the Shrikes ; and, according to their size, 
they prey on small Birds or Insects. The most feeble of them pass by insensible gradations into the 
slender-billed warblers. We divide them as follow. 
* This is tlie only modification of the trachea we have heard of among the Passerince. — Ed. | 
