PASSERlNiE. 
183 
a singular character in the secondary quills of the wing, the ends of which [at least in two of the three 
species, are converted into] smooth, oval, red disks, [much resembling red sealing-wax]. 
There is one in Europe, the Common Waxwing {Amp. garrulus, Lin.), [and which also occurs in Ameidca west- 
ward of the Rocky Mountains, and in Asia to China and Japan.] It is less than a Thrush, with soft vinous-grey 
plumage, the throat black ; tail black, tipped with yellow, [with minute scarlet lobes resembling those on the wing- 
secondaries in old specimens*, wherein the primary quills also are each terminated with white, forming a series of 
transverse markings] ; wings black, variegated with white [and yellow]. This bird appears in flocks, at long inter- 
vals, and without regularity, from which circumstance its presence was long considered an evil omen. It is not 
timorous, is easily captured and kept in captivity, eats of every thing, and a great quantity, [but in the wild state 
is principally baccivorous, and in times of necessity has been seen to eat the buds and sprouts of various trees : 
it flies rapidly, and has a low warbling song]. This bird is supposed to breed very far to the north. Its flesh is 
esteemed good eating. 
There is a very similar but smaller species in America {Amp. garrulus, B., Lin. ; A. americana, Wils. ; B. caro- 
Brisson ; B. cedrorum,Niei\\oi), [the Cedar-bird of the Anglo-Americans: it inhabits eastward only of 
the Rocky Mountains.] 
A third, in Japan {B. phoenicoptera, Tern.), has no wax-like appendages to the wings, and the tail and lesser 
wing-coverts are tipped with red. [Its size equals that of the first.] 
M. M. Hofmansegg and lUiger have separated, with equal propriety, — 
The Campanero and some others {Procnias, Hof.), — 
Wherein the beak, weaker and more depressed, opens nearly as far as the eye. They are indigenous 
to South America, and subsist on insects. 
They require to be subdivided into 
The Campaneros {Procnias, as restricted), — 
Which have feathered throats. 
One species {Amp. carunculata, Gm.), distinguished by a long soft caruncle at the base of its beak, is white when 
adult, greenish when young. [This is the celebrated Campanero or Bell-bird of Guiana, the loud sonorous voice 
of which, heard from time in the depths of the forest, during the stillness of mid-day, exactly resembles the tolling 
of a bell.] 
Others, 
The Averanos {Casmarhynchus, Tem.), — 
Have naked throats. 
There is one in which the naked part of the throat of the male is covered with fleshy caruncles : the Averano of 
Buffon {Amp. variegata, Lin.). Another {Procn. araponga, Pr. Max ; Casm. ecarunculatus, Spix) has some small 
thinly-scattered feathers on the same place. These birds also are white in the adult state, and have the females 
and young greenish. 
Finally, we place at the end of the Cotinga group, 
The Gymnodes {Gymnoderes, GeolF.), — 
The beak of which is only a little stouter, but the neck is partly naked, and the head covered with 
velvety feathers. 
The species known is from South America, and in great part frugivorous. It is the size of a Pigeon, and black, 
with bluish wings. (The Gracula nudicollis, Sh. ; Corvus nudus and Gracula fetida, Gm.). — N.B. M. Vieillot 
brings the Choucaris, Gymnode, and Dragoon-bird together, to form his genus Coracina. 
The Drongos {Edolius, Guv. ; Dicrurus, Vieillot) — 
Also pertain to the great series of Flycatchers. Their beak is equally emarginated and depressed, its 
upper ridge acute ; but they are distinguished by having both mandibles slightly arcuated throughout 
their length : the nostrils are covered with feathers, besides which there are long hairs forming mous- 
taches. [These interesting birds exhibit a flycatching modification of the great corvine type]. 
The species are numerous in the countries bordering the Indian Ocean, and are generally glossy black, with a 
forked tail, [the outermost feathers of which are often extremely long, with a naked shaft except at the base and 
tip : they are gregarious, assembling towards the evening, and subsist on insects, particularly Bees and Wasps, for 
which they hawk in the vicinity of the hive ; are popularly termed Devil-birds']. It is said that some of them sing 
as finely as a Nightingale. 
The genus Sparactes of Illiger was founded on a disguised specimen of one of these birds, decorated with feathers 
not its own by a dealer, and the legs of a Hoopoe. 
* This tends to corroborate a remark in p. 156, wherein the tail-feathers are stated to correspond to the wing-secondaries, excepting the 
middle pair, or uropygials, which represent the wiug-tertiaries.— Ed. 
