AVES. 
206 
The Tenuirostees, — 
Comprehends the remainder of this first division ; the Birds eomposing it being distinguished 
by a slender, elongated, sometimes straight and sometimes curved bill, devoid of emargina- 
tion. They bear the same relation to the Conirostres which the Bec-jins do to the other 
Dentirostres. 
The Nuthatches (Sitta, Lin.), — : 
Have a straight, prismatic, pointed beak, compressed towards the tip, w'hich they employ like the 
Woodpeckers to perforate the bark of trees, [and particularly to scale it off], to get at their insect- 
food ; and although they climb in every direction, they have only one toe directed backward, which is., 
certainly very strong. Their tail is of no use in supporting them, as in the Woodpeckers and Tree^ i 
creepers. [These birds also feed largely on various seeds, and are celebrated for the instinct of fixing* ■ 
a nut in a chink, while they pierce it with the bill, swinging the whole body as upon a pivot, to give 
effect to each stroke. They lay up stores of food, like the Tits. 
Of several species, three inhabit Europe, and one the British Isles, which is not uncommon {S. europcea, Lin.).— 
Ash-grey above, yellowish beneath, with dark rufous flanks and under tail-coverts, the latter spotted with white ; 
a black streak through the eye, and round white spots on the tail-feathers ; size, that of a Robin. Its note is 
remarkably loud, and disposition fearless.] 
The Xenops, Illiger, — 
Have merely the beak rather more compressed, and its inferior ridge more convex. | 
The Anabates, Temminck, — 
Have, on the contrary, the superior ridge a little convex, almost like the beak of a Thrush, without 
emargination. The tail is long and wedge-shaped, and occasionally W'orn, which intimates that it is ! 
employed for sustension. In 
The Synallaxis, Vieillot, — i 
The beak is straight, not much elongated, slender, and pointed ; the tail-feathers are generally long !f 
and sharp. There are even some of them in which the shafts of those feathers are stout, and pro- I 
longed beyond the barbs. | 
The Creepers {Certhia, Lin.) — || 
Have an arcuated bill, but little else in common. We subdivide them first into I 
The Tree-creepers {Certhia, Cuv.), — f| 
So named from their habit of traversing the boles of trees, in the manner of the Woodpeckers, [that i| 
is, in an ascending direction only], their tail, which terminates in similar stiff points, serving to sup- f 
port them. I 
There is one in Europe, the European Tree-creeper (C. familiaris, Lin.), a diminutive species, reddish-brown If 
above, speckled with whitish, inclining to ferruginous on the rump, and pure glistening white underneath. It Jf 
nestles in the holes of trees, and ascends their trunks with rapidity, searching for the insects and larvae concealed if 
in their chinks, and among the mosses and lichens. [Is very common throughout Britain]. 11 
America produces some true Creepers of comparatively large size, which have been termed | 
Dendrocolaptes, Hermann. | 
Their tail is the same, but the beak is much stronger and wider. I 
There is even one of them which approaches the Nuthatches in its straight and compressed beak : it might be W 
taken for a Nuthatch with a worn tail {Oriolus picus, Gm. and Lath.; Gracula picoides, Shaw ; or Dendr. | 
guttatus, Spix). j 
The beak of another, twice as long as the head, is arched only towards the tip (J,e Nasican of Vaillant). That of * i 
a third is long, slender, and as much arcuated as in Melithreptus. 
The Tichodromes {Tichodroma, Illiger), 
Or Wall-creepers, do not lean upon the tail, although they creep up w^alls and rocks as the preceding 
do the trunks of trees, but they cling to them with their strong claws. Their beak is triangular and I 
depressed at its base, very long and slender. [They moult twice in the year.] 
One only is known, an inhabitant of the south of Europe (Certhia muraria, Lin.). It is a handsome bird of a 
light ash-colour, with some bright red on the wings. Throat of the male black [in summer. The affinities of '■ 
this curious little bird are not obvious]. 
The Honey-suckers {Nectarinea, Illiger) — 
Neither use the tail, nor indeed climb, although their beak, of medium length, arched, pointed, and 
compressed, resembles that of the Tree-creepers. All of them are foreign. ^ | 
