GALLINiE. 
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j first quill longest, and flight extraordinarily swift ; sternal crest more developed than in any other bird 
j whatever, the inner einargination of the sternum almost obliterated : furcula singularly short and wide, 
^ without any appenddage ; the alimentary passage resembles that of other Poultry, having coeca as 
much developed as in a Partridge. The feathers are moulted twice a year, and resemble those of the 
Bustards, both sexes being alike in winter, and the male acquiring a peculiar garb in summer. They 
lay few eggs, and the young do not follow their parents for some time, but are fed by them in the 
nest. They inhabit the arid deserts of Africa and Arabia, and are peculiar to the eastern hemisphere.] 
One (T. alchata. Lin,), inhabits the south of B'rance and borders of the Mediterranean. [Another (T. arenarius, 
Pallas) occurs in Spain, and a third {Pt. caspicus, Menetr.) is found in south-eastern Europe. There are 
many more. 
Closely allied to the Gangas, we deem 
The Tetraogallus, Hardwicke, — 
j A, large species from the mountains of the north of India, with shorter wings and comparatively 
' stout bill. The tarsi are armed with spurs, and the first five quills are nearly equal. \ 
It IS the T. nigelli, Gray], 
I The Partridges {Perdix, Brisson), — 
1 Have the tarsi naked as well as the toes. Among them 
' The Francolins {Francolinm, Tern.) — 
Are distinguished by their longer and stouter beak, more developed tail, and generally by their stout spurs. 
There is one in southern Europe (T. francolinm, Lin.), with red feet ; the neck and belly of the male black, with 
round white spots, and a vivid rufous collar. 
Some of the foreign species are remarkable either for possessing double spurs, or a naked skin on the throat, or 
they combine these two characters : others, again, have a particularly large beak, and are without spurs. 
The Restricted Partridges — 
Have the beak not quite so stout : the males have short spurs, or simple tubercles, which are wanting 
in the females. 
Every one is acquainted with 
The Grey Partridge (T. cinereus, Lin.), that prolific species of game, which lives and propagates in our fields, 
and is so highly esteemed for the table. 
The Red Partridge (T, rufus, Lin.) [and five or six others with the same general character of plumage, form a 
natural group, the first dress of which is analogous to that of the preceding. All are peculiar to the eastern 
hemisphere.] 
The Quails {Coturnix, Tern.) — 
Are smaller than the Partridges; with a more slender beak and shorter tail: they have neither spurs, 
nor red eyebrow, [and have longer wings. All are peculiar to the eastern hemisphere, where they are 
! generally diffused]. 
j The Common Quail (T. coturnix, Lin.), a small European bird, celebrated for its migrations across the Medi- 
|| terranean. [There are many others.] 
|1 The Colins {Ortyx, Stephens), — 
I Or Partridges and Quails of America, have a shorter and stouter beak, more convex above : their tail 
1 is somewhat larger. They perch on branches, and, when disturbed, even on trees.* Several species 
I migrate like our Quails. 
[Some have remarkable recurved topknots, in one of extraordinary length]. 
We are obliged to separate from the whole genus of Grouse 
The Ortygans {Hemipodius, Tern.), — 
Which have no thumb, and the compressed beak of which forms a slight projection under the lower 
mandible. They cannot, however, be properly classed until their anatomy is known. The species are 
polygamous, and inhabit sandy regions. 
Some of them. 
The Ortygans {Ortygis^ Illiger), — 
Have the general aspect of Quails, with toes separated to their very base, having no small membrane. 
[The chief peculiarity of their anatomy consists in the absence of a craw.] 
The natives of Java train one species for fighting (the H. pugnax), as Game-Cocks are trained in England. 
* The Red Partridj^es will sometimes do this. — E d. 
