GRALL.E. 241 
[The Black Stork (A. nigra, Lin.).— Blackish, with rich purple reflections, and the belly white. It frequents 
retired marshes, and builds in the forests. 
Among foreign species, w e may distinguish 
The Adjutants [^Argala, Berm.], — 
Or bare-necked Storks, the beak of which is still larger and slighter ; and among them 
The Pouched Adjutants {Ard. duhia, Gmelin ; A. argala, Lin.) ; which have an appendage under the middle of 
the throat resembling a great sausage, and from beneath the wings of which are procured those light downy fea- 
thers, that are made into tufts called Maribous. Two species of them are known ; one from Senegal, with a 
uniform mantle, {Cic. marihou, Tern.), the other from India, of which the wdng-coverts are bordered with white, 
(C. argala. Tern.).— Their large beak enables them to capture birds on the wing. Add C. capillata. Tern. 
The Jabirus {Mycteria, Lin.), — 
j Which were separated by Linnaeus from Ardea, are very closely allied to the Storks, and much more 
! so than the latter are to the Herons ; the moderate opening of their beak, their nostrils, the reticu- 
j lated envelope of their legs, together with the considerable palmature of the toes, are absolutely the 
jj same as in the Storks, which they further resemble in their mode of life. Their peculiarity consists in 
Ij having the beak slightly curved upwards towards its extremity. 
i| The best-known species (M. americana, Lin.), is very large, and white, with a bare head and neck, invested with 
|| a black skin, the lower part of which is red ; the occiput alone has some white feathers, and the beak and feet are 
I black. It is found along the borders of pools and marshes in South Amei’ica, where it preys on reptiles and fish. 
I The Ciconia ephippiryncha, Ruppell, only differs from M. senegalensis, Latham, in being drawn from the recent 
I specimen. 
j The Umbres {Scopus, Brisson) — 
: Are only distinguished from the Storks by their compressed beak, the trenchant ridge of which is 
I inflated towards the base, and the nostrils are prolonged by a groove which runs parallel with the 
j ridge to its tip, which is slightly hooked. 
! One species only is known, the Crested Umbre {Sc. umbrettd), as large as a Crow, and of an umber colour, the 
male crested. It is diffused over all Africa. 
The Anastomes {Hians, Lacep. ; Anastomus, IHig.) — 
I Are separated from the Storks by about as trivial a character as that which distinguishes the Jabirus. 
I* The mandibles of their beak come in contact only at the base and tips, leaving a wide interval 
I between their edges, at the medial portion. Even this seems to be the result of detrition, for the 
' fibres of the horny substance appear as though it had been worn away. 
j They are East Indian birds, one of which is whitish {Ardea ponticeriana, Gm.), the other greyish-brown 
{A. eoromandeliana, Sonnerat). Perhaps the latter is merely the young of the former. Both have black quill and 
il tail-feathers. A third, of an iridescent black {An. lamelliger, Tern.), is remarkable for the stem of each of its fea- 
ji thers terminating in a narrow horny disk, which passes beyond the vane. 
ji The Dromes {Dromas, Paykull) — 
I Bear a close resemblance to the preceding, having nearly the same feet and contour ; but their com- 
II pressed beak, the base of which is a little inflated beneath, is pierced with oval nostrils, and the 
; mandibles close completely. 
■jj We know only one species, from the shores of the Red Sea and banks of the Senegal {Dramas ardeola, Payk.) 
i| with white plumage, and part of the mantle and wings black. 
-!j The Tantals {Tantalus, Lin.) — 
I Have the feet, nostrils, and beak of the Storks, except that the ridge of the latter is rounded, and its 
Ij tip gradually curved downwards, and slightly emarginated on each side : a portion of the head, and 
Ij sometimes of the neck, is bare of feathers. 
! The Wood Ibis of North America {T. loculator, Lin.).— As large as a Stork, but more slender ; white, with the 
quill and tail-feathers black, as is also the naked skin of the head and neck. It is found in both Americas, 
appearing in each during the rainy season, and frequents muddy waters, where it seeks principally for Eels. Its 
gait is slow, and general aspect unlively. 
The African species {T. ibis, Lin.), which is white, slightly shaded with purple on the wings, and has a yellow 
beak, and the naked skin of the visage red, was long regarded by naturalists as the bird so revered by the ancient 
Egyptians under the name of Ibis ; but recent researches have proved that the real Ibis is a much smaller species, 
which we will notice presently. The bird now under consideration is not even commonly found in Egypt, but is 
brought chiefly from Senegal. 
R 
