332 
PISCES. 
mouthed Dog-fish. Light-brown, with ocellated spots. All the three are peculiarly destructive to the more 
valuable fishes. Some foreign ones have a slight difference of character. 
The Sharks properly so called include all species with a produced snout, no nast^l grooves, and with 
a caudal lobe more or less forked. They form the genus 
Carcharias,—2L numerous and notorious tribe, 
with trenchant-pointed teeth, usually serrated in 
the margins ; the first dorsal before the ventrals ; 
the second nearly opposite the anals. They have no 
spiracles ; the nostrils are in the middle of the 
snout, and the last gill-opening extends over the 
pectorals. C. vulgaris, the White Shark, is some- 
times twenty feet long, with isosceles-triangular 
teeth, ragged at the sides, and the lower ones 
narrow points placed on wider bases ; these teeth in 
the mouth of such a fish forming weapons dreaded 
by all mariners. Found in most seas. [Its appear- 
ance on the British shores has been mentioned, 
but it wants authentication.] C. vulpes, the Fox- 
shark, or Thresher.— Triangular teeth in both 
jaws ; upper lobe of the tail as long as the whole 
body ; second dorsal and anal very small. C. glau~ 
cus, the Blue Shark, with curved-sided teeth 
above, inclining outwards, and straighter ones be- 
low ; all ragged on the edges. 
Lamna, the Porbeagle, differs from a true Shark in the pyramidal snout, and the gill openings before the pec- 
torals. L. cornubica occasionally appears on the 
British coast, and its size has caused it to be mis- 
taken for the White Shark. L. monensis resembles 
the last, but has the snout shorter. 
Galeus. — Shaped like the Sharks, but with spira- 
cles and an anal. G. vulgaris, the Tope, is found 
on the British shores. 
Mustelus, resembles the former in shape, but 
has the teeth like a close pavement. 
Milavis, the Smooth Hound, is a British species. 
Notidanus, wants the first dorsal ; has six gill- 
openings, triangular teeth above, and like a 
saw below. Two species inhabit the Mediterranean. Has the form of the Sharks, and spiracles, with the gill- 
openings nearly surrounding the neck ; its teeth are small and not notched. It is the largest of the True Fishes, 
being sometimes thirty.six feet long ; but it is a harmless fish. S. maximus, the Basking Shark, is found in the 
British seas. 
Centracion, has spiral teeth like pavement, and a spine before each dorsal. 
apinax, resembles Carcharias, but has spiracles ; no anal fin ; several rows of small trenchant teeth ; and a strong 
spine before each dorsal. S. acantheus, the Piked Dog-fish, is a British species. 
Centrina, resembles the last ; but the second 
dorsal over the ventrals, and the short tail, give 
it a clumsy appearance ; its skin is very rough. 
Scymnus, the Greenland Shark, is more abun- 
dant in the Arctic seas, and is large and vora- 
cious ; but is understood not to attack Man. 
Zygmna, forms a second genus. Like the 
Sharks in the body, but with the snout singu- 
larly produced, forming two pieces like a double- 
headed hammer, with an eye in the middle of 
each extremity. The species of the European 
seas grow to the length of twelve feet, [and we 
believe larger ones are met with in southern 
latitudes]. 
Squatina, the Angel Fish, has spiracles and 
wants the anal ; but it has the mouth at the end 
of the muzzle; the eyes in the upper part of 
the head ; the head round ; the body broad and 
flattened horizontally; the pectorals large and 
far forward, but separated from the back by a 
Fig. 149.-The Hammer.lie idcd Shark. gill-openings ; their two dorsals are 
behind the ventrals, and the caudal is attached both to the upper and under sides of the termination of the body. 
Fig. 147.— The White Shark. 
