CRUSTACEA. 
428 
Podocerus, Leach, and lassa^ Leach, have the inferior antennae greatly elongated in the form, and occasionally 
assuming the functions of legs and organs of prehension ; their second legs are terminated by a large claw. 
Corophium, Latr., has similar lower antennae, but none of the legs are cheliferous. The type is Cancer 
grossipes, Linn., Gammarus longicornis^YtHo., Oniscus vohitator, Pal., and which is named Pernys on the coast of 
La Rochelle, living in burrows, which it forms in the sand, covered by hurdles, called bouchots by the in- 
habitants. The animal only makes its appearance at the beginning of May. It keeps up a continual war 
with the Nereids, Amphinomae, Arenicolae, and other marine annelidae which take up their abode in the 
same place. Nothing is more curious than to observe these creatures at the rising of the tide assembled in 
myriads, moving about in all directions, beating the mud with their arm-like antennae, and diluting it in order to 
discover their prey. If they discover any of these annelidae, often 
ten or even twenty times larger than themselves, they unite 
together to attack and devour it. The carnage never ceases 
until the mud has been turned over and examined. They 
also attack fishes, mollusca, and dead bodies on the shore. 
They mount upon the hurdles which contain muscles, as well as 
upon the latter, and the fishermen pretend that they cut the 
threads which retain the muscles, in order to cause the latter to Fig. 12.- Corophium longicome ; a, terminal segment of 
fall, so that they may be the more readily devoured. They appear 
to breed throughout the season, as the females are found carrying eggs at different times : shore-birds and many 
kinds of fishes devour them. 
The second of the sections of the order Amphipoda, or the Heteropa, Lat., is composed of those which 
have fourteen legs, the four posterior at least being unarmed at the tip, and fit only for swimming,* 
and forms two subgenera. 
Pterygoura, Latr., has the thorax divided into numerous segments, four antennae, with long hairs ; all the 
legs natatorial, and of which the posterior are large and pennated. [Type, Oniscus arenarius, Slabber.] 
Apseudes, Leach (Euphem, Risso), has the thorax divided into numerous segments, the fore pair of legs 
terminated by a large claw, the second pair of legs with the terminal joints very broad and toothed [whence the 
specific name of the type, A. talpa, Leach, Montague, from its analogy with the Mole] ; the other legs are single, 
the body is long and narrow, terminated by two long threads. 
Rhoea, Edwards, differs from the preceding in having the superior antennae thicker, longer, and bifid. 
The third and last section of the order Amphipoda, or the Decempoda, Lat., consists of species 
having only ten feet. 
Typhis, Risso, has only two antennae ; the head is large, with prominent eyes ; each pair of legs is attached to 
a distinct segment ; the four anterior are terminated by a didactyle claw. On each side of the thorax are two 
moveable plates, forming two valves, beneath which, when at rest, the animal shuts its legs and tail, giving it the 
appearance of a ball. Type, Typhis ovoides, Risso. 
Anceu^, Risso, Gnathia, Leach, has the thorax divided into the same number of segments as there are pairs of 
legs, which are simple and monodactyle. They have four antennae ; the head is large and square, and furnished 
in front with two great projections, like mandibles. Type, Cancer maxillaris, Montague, Trans. Linn. Soc., 
vol. vii. pi. 6, f. 2, — found on the Devonshire coast. 
Praniza, Leach, has four antennae like the last, but the thorax from above presents only three segments, of 
which the two anterior are very short, and the third very large and oval, having the three posterior pairs of legs 
attached to it. The legs simple, the head triangular, and the tail furnished at the sides of the extremity with a 
swimmeret. [I have investigated the structure of this curious genus very minutely, and published the result 
thereof in the Annales des Scienees Naturelles, vol. xxvii.] 
To this order also appear to belong various other genera, established by Savigny, Rafinesque, and 
Say, but of which the characters have not been hitherto given with sufficient decision ; and even of 
those cited above some require a re-examination. 
M. Milne Edwards has collected many valuable and detailed observations on many of these Crustacea, 
which will serve to clear up much of this obscurity. I am not able to speak with precision also of the 
genus Ergina of Risso. From the number of legs it appears to belong to the last section of the Amphi- 
poda, but the manner in which they terminate, and the number of the segments of the body, range them 
amongst the Isopods. 
[Since the publication of the second edition of this work, the Amphipoda have received a consider- 
able share of attention. M. Milne Edwards, in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles for 1830, published 
a revision of the order, dividing it into two principal groups, (removing the genera Rhoea and Tanais to 
* This and the following section formed, in the first edition of this to us to approximate them to the Amphipoda, and not the Isoi>ada. I 
work, the second of the Isopodous order, that of Phytibranehes. But Nevertheless, these animals, of which the number is but very small, 
not only have we perceived mandibular palpi in some of these Crus* I have been very imperfectly studied, 
tacea, but also the form of the subabdominal appendages has appeared I 
