ARACHNIDA. 
462 
number inclined towards the tongue. The body is generally depressed, like a Crab, with the abdomen 
broad, rounded, or triangular. 
These Spiders keep themselves immovably fixed, with the legs stretched out, upon vegetables. They 
do not make webs, merely throwing out a few solitary threads in order to catch their prey. The 
cocoon is orbicular and flattened ; they hide it between the leaves of plants, of which they bring the 
edges into contact, guarding it carefully until the birth of the young. 
Micrommata, Latr., Sparassus, Walck.,* has the maxillae straight, parallel, and rounded at the edge, the eyes 
arranged into two rows, the posterior row being the longest, and cuiwed behind ; the tongue is semicircular. 
M. Smaragdula, Fab., A. viridissima, De G., of a grass-green colour, with the abdomen yellowish-green, with a 
darker line. Found common in woods near Paris, where it fastens three or four leaves together into a triangular 
pocket, lining the interior with thick silk, placing its cocoon in the middle, which is round and white, and permits 
the eggs to be perceived within ; these are not glued together. 
M. Argelas (the name of which reminds naturalists of that of one of our most zealous savans, whom I have 
held up to their esteem as my deliverer in the revolutionary troubles), is one of our largest [French] species, being 
two-thirds of an inch long. This species was discovered near Bordeaux, by the naturalist to whom I have dedi- 
cated it. Subsequently, M. Dufour discovered it in the most arid mountains of Valentia, where he observed its 
habits. It runs with velocity, extending its legs laterally, its unguicular cushions permitting it to retain its 
station on the smoothest surfaces and in every situation. Its cocoon (which it constnicts on the under side of ' 
pieces of rock) resembles that of Clotho Durandi. It also secretes itself there against inclement weather and its 
enemies, and in order to deposit its eggs. This is an oval tent, nearly two inches in diameter, fastened upon the 
stones, nearly like marine patellae. It is composed of an outer envelope of yellowish taffety, thin, like the peel of 
an onion, but resisting ; and of an inner covering, more pliant, soft, and open at both ends. It is by these j 
apertures, furnished with valves, that the animal goes out. The cocoon is globular, placed underneath its abode, j 
so that it can cover it, and contains about sixty eggs. ;j 
I believe we must also place in this genus the Aranea venatoria, Linn., figured in Sloane’s Jamaica (pi. 225, ;| 
fol. 2 ; Nhamdia, 2 ? Pison), and another species from East India, very like the preceding, and which we see ;j 
figured upon the drawings and tapestry imported from China. j 
Senelops, Dufour, has the maxillae straight, without a lateral notch, and terminating in a point, being obliquely j| 
truncate; the tongue is semicircular. The eyes are thus arranged, — six in front, forming a transverse [tortuous] ji 
line, and two others, posterior, and situated, one on each side, behind each extremity of the preceding line; the I 
legs long, and the second pair the longest, and then the third and fourth, which are longer than the first. 
S. omalosoma, Dufour, Valencia, inhabiting the rocks, and running with the quickness of a dart ; also in Syria. I 
Other species occur in Senegal, the Cape of Good Hope, and Mauritius. 
Philodromus, Walck., has the maxillae inclined upon the tongue, which is longer than broad ; the eyes, at nearly 
equal distances apart, form a crescent or semicircle, the lateral ones not being placed upon tubercles or emi- | 
nences. The chelicerae are long and cylindrical ; the four or two hind legs do not materially differ in length from | 
the preceding. According to M. Walckenaer, these spiders run with rapidity, the legs laterally extended, watch I 
for their prey, throw out single threads for its retention, and hide themselves in holes, or amongst the leaves, which 
they draw together when they deposit their eggs. i 
Some species have the body flat and broad, the abdomen short, dilated behind, with the four middle legs longest. i 
Such is Ph. margaritarius, Clerck, which is three lines long, and is very common upon trees, wooden fences, q 
walls, &c., where it sits with its feet extended ; when watched it escapes with great rapidity, or falls to the ground | 
by dividing the thread by which it was held. Its cocoon is of a fine white, and incloses about a hundred eggs, 
which are yellow and loose. It is placed in the crevices of trees or posts exposed to the north, and is very care- 
fully guarded. 
The other species of Philodromus, which Walckenaer forms into several small groups, have the body, and often • 
the chelicerse, proportionably longer. The abdomen is pear-shaped, or oval, and sometimes cylindrical. The i 
second pair of legs, and then the first or the fourth, are longest. Ph. rhombicus, Walck. ; Ph. oblongus, Walck., &c. 
ThomisuSf Walck., differs from Philodromus in the chelicerae, proportionably shorter and wedge-shaped, and the ; 
four posterior legs very evidently shorter than the four anterior. The lateral eyes are often placed on tubercles, | 
while those of Philodromus are always sessile. The species of this genus are commonly called Crab-spiders. The 
males are very different in their colours from the females, and generally much smaller. i 
Some species (all of which are exotic) have the eyes arranged in two transverse, nearly parallel lines, four and 'i 
four, the posterior line being the longest. E. Lamarchii, Latr. (allied to Aranea nobilis, Fabr.), &c. 
In the others, forming the greatest number, the general outline of the eyes forms a crescent, with the convex 
part in front. A. globosa. Fab. ; A. cristata, Clerck ; A. atrea, De Geer, &c, | 
Storena, Walck., although imperfectly known, appears to terminate this section, and to lead to Oxyopes (which 
is as much allied to the Crab-Spiders as to the Wolf-spiders), and has the maxillae inclined upon the lip, which | 
is long and triangular, and nearly as long as them ; the chelicerae, conical ; the two fore-legs and then the second 
pair the longest ; the eyes arranged thus— 2, 4, 2. 
The second general division of the bipulmonary Spiders, that of the Wanderers {Vagabondes, | 
M. Walckenaer places Oils genus in the series of those which are at times wandering and sedentary, such as Attus, Thoniisus, Dtassus, &c., 
and which have only two hooks to the tarsi. 
