PULMONARIA. 
465 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE PULMONARY ARACHNIDA — 
The Pedipalpi, — 
Possesses very large palpi in the shape of extended arms, terminated by a pincer or claw. The 
chelicerae, or external pincers, have two fingers, one of which is moveable. The abdomen is 
composed of very distinct segments, without spinnerets at the tip ; and the sexual organs are 
placed at the base of the belly. The entire body is clothed in a hard skin. The thorax is 
composed of a single piece, and exhibits, near each of its anterior angles, three or two eyelets, 
approximating or grouped together ; and near the middle of its anterior extremity, or poste- 
riorly, but in the medial line, two other eyelets, also close together. The number of pulmo- 
nary sacs is four or eight. 
Some (which form the genus Tarantula*, Fabr.) have the abdomen attached to the thorax by a 
peduncle, or by a portion of the transverse diameter, without comb-like plates at its base beneath, or a 
sting at its extremity. The spiracles, four in number, are situated near the base of the belly, and 
covered by a plate. The chelicerse (mandibles of authors) are clawed, or merely terminated by a move- 
able hook. The tongue is elongated, very narrow, and hidden. They have only a pair of maxillae, 
formed of the basal part of the palpi. All of these have eight eyes, of which three, on each side, near 
the anterior angles, are arranged in a triangle ; and two near the middle, upon the front margin, placed 
upon a common tubercle, or upon a small eminence, one on each side. The palpi are spinose. The 
tarsi of the two fore-legs differ from the others: they are composed of many joints, and resemble threads, 
without a terminal hook. These Arachnida inhabit only the hottest parts of Asia and America. We are 
unacquainted with their habits. They now constitute two genera. 
Phrynus, Oliv., has the palpi terminated by a spined hook ; the body very flat ; the 
thorax large, nearly crescent-shaped ; the abdomen destitute of a tail ; and the two 
anterior tarsi exceedingly long and slender, resembling thread-shaped antennas. 
Phalangium reniforme, Linn., Herbst. East Indies. Tarantula reniformis^ Fabr. 
Antilles, &c. 
Thelyphonus, Latr., is distinguished from Phrynus by the very short, thick palpi, 
terminated by a claw formed of two Angers. The body is long ; thorax oval; and the 
tip of the abdomen is furnished with a long articulated seta, forming a tail. The two 
anterior tarsi are very short, with but few joints. Phalangium caudatum, Linn. Java. 
South America produces another species, described and flgured in the Journ. de Phys. 
et d’Hist. Nat., 1777, which the inhabitants of Martinique call the “ Vinaigrier.” A 
third smaller species inhabits the Gangetic Delta. 
[M. Lucas has lately published a valuable monograph upon Thelyphonus, with 
ij figures, in Guerin’s Magasin de Zoologie, containing six species, the largest of which (T. giganteus) is two inches 
ji and a half long, and inhabits Mexico.] 
!1 The other Pedipalpi have the abdomen intimately connected with the thorax, throughout its entire 
it width, presenting, at the base beneath, two moveable comb-like plates, and terminated by a knotted 
' tail, armed -with a sting at its extremity. The spiracles are eight in number, exposed, and arranged 
I; four and four on each side, along the abdomen. The chelicerae are terminated by two fingers, the outer 
|i one being moveable. They form the genus 
, Scorpio, Linn., Fabr. 
I These have the body long, and suddenly terminated by a long, slender tail, composed of six knots, the last of 
I which terminates in a curved and very acute point or sting, beneath the extremity of which are two small orifices, 
I by which a venomous fluid is discharged, contained in an internal reservoir. The thorax is oblong, and generally 
furnished with a longitudinal, central, compressed line, having on each side, near its anterior extremity, three or 
two ocelli, forming a curved line ; and near the middle of the back are two other ocelli, approximated together. 
The palpi are very large, with a forceps-like claw at the tip : the basal joint forms a concave and rounded maxilla. 
At the base of the four fore-legs is a triangular appendage ; and these pieces form, by their approximation, a kind 
i of lip with four divisions, the two lateral ones being considered as maxillae, and the two others as forming the 
I tongue. The abdomen is composed of twelve joints, including the tail : the basal joint is divided into two parts, 
I the anterior bearing the sexual organs, and the posterior the two combs, the number of the teeth of which varies 
according to the species, and even with the age of the individual, and of which the use has not yet been deter- 
1 j * [As there is great possibility of confounding this genus with the famed Tarentula, described above, amongst tlie Spiders, it would have 
' been better to have rejected it entirely, as it is an evident misnomer.] 
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