TRACHEARIiE. 
467 
THE FIRST FAMILY OF THE TRACHEAN ARACHNIDA,— 
The Pseudo-Scorpionbs, — 
Has the thorax articulated, with the anterior segment largest, like a corselet ; the abdomen very- 
distinct, and annulated ; the palpi very large, in the shape of feet or claws ; eight legs in both 
sexes, with two equal-sized ungues at the tip of the tarsi, — the two anterior, at the most, excepted ; 
two apparent chelicerae, terminated by two fingers ; and two maxillae, formed of the basal joint of 
the palpi. All of these are terrestrial, and have the body oval or oblong. This family comprises only 
two genera. 
Galeodes, Oliv. (Solpuga, Lichtenstein, Fabr.), having two very large chelicerae, with vertical, strongly-toothed 
fingers, one superior, fixed, and often furnished with a slender, elongated, pointed appendage* at its base, and the 
other moveable ; the palpi are large, projecting, and 
in the shape of feet or antennae, terminated by a 
short, vesicular joint, without any terminal hook ; 
the two fore-legs have a similar shape, and are equally 
unarmed, but smaller ; the others are terminated by a 
tarsus, the last joint of which has two small cushions, 
and two long fingers, with a hook at their tips ; five 
scales are attached by a peduncle upon each hind leg, 
disposed in a row upon the basal joints ; two eyes are 
placed close together upon an eminence in front of 
the anterior thoracic segment, which represents a large head, supporting the mouth and two fore-legs. 
The body is oblong, generally soft, and clothed with long bristles ; the knob at the tip of the palpi incloses a 
peculiar organ, which is only protruded when the animal is irritated ; the two fore-legs may be considered as a 
second pair of palpi. 1 have discovered a large spiracle on each side of the body, between the first and second 
legs, as well as a slit at the base of the belly. The abdomen is 9-jointed. For further details, see the description 
of a species found in Spain, by Dufour {Annales Sci. Physiq., tom. v. pi. 69). 
It is supposed that the ancients designated these Arachnida under the names of Phalangium, Solifuga, Tetra- 
gnatha, &c. M. Poe discovered a species near Havannah, but the others are peculiar to the warm and sandy 
countries of the old world. They run with very great quickness, erect their heads when surprised, showing signs 
of resistance, and are reputed venomous. Solpuga fatalis, Latr. Bengal. Others are described in the monograph 
of Herbstin, and the voyages of Olivier and Pallas. 
[Other species are figured, with elaborate details, by Savigny, in the great work on Egypt; and M. Lucas has 
described and figured a species from Cuba (G. Cubes), in Gu(^rin’s Magasin de Zoologie. Dr. Schomburgh has 
also forwarded, this year, to the Entomological Society of London, a species, of small size, from Demerara, which 
he found in the nest of a species of Termes.] 
Chelifa-, Geotf. {Obisium, Illiger), has the palpi elongated like arras, with a claw-like hand with two fingers; all 
the legs are equal, and terminated by two ungues ; the eyes stand at the sides of the 
thorax. These animals resemble small Scorpions deprived of tails. The body is 
flattened, with the thorax nearly square, and having one or two eyes on each side. 
They run quickly, and often sideways, like Crabs. The eggs are united in a mass. 
The elder Hermann says that they carry them beneath the belly; and he also believes 
that these Arachnida are able to spin. The younger Hermann and Leach divide 
them into — 
Chelifer proper, having the first segment of the thorax divided in two by a trans- 
verse impressed line ; a style at the tip of the moveable finger of the chelicerae ; it 
has only two eyes. 
Phal. cancroides, Linn., commonly called the Book Scorpion, is found in herba- 
riums, old books, &c., where it feeds upon the minute insects which frequent such situations. Scorpio cimicoides, 
Fabr. Lives under stones, the bark of trees, &c. 
Obisium, Leach, has the thorax without division ; the chelicerae without a style. It has also four eyes. 
See the monograph of Scorpionidee of Leach {Zool. Miscell. vol. iii.), and Dalman’s memoir on Copal Insects, 
where a species is described under the name of Eucarpus. [Some new species of this group are described and 
figured by M. Theis, in Annales des Sci. Nat., Sept. 1832]. 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE TRACHEAN ARACHNIDA,— 
The Pycnogonides, — 
Has the thorax composed of four segments, occupying nearly the -whole length of the body, terminated 
at each extremity by a tubular article, of which the anterior (which is larger, and either simple or pro- 
• I do not believe this appendage is peculiar to one sex. 
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