MYRIAPODA. 
485 
head. These animals are terrestrial, and live under stones in hilly places. lulus ovalis, Linn. ; 
Glomeris marginata, Leach. 
[Fam. 2 . — Iulid^, Westw., or the Anguiformes of Latr., Cours.'] 
lulus proper, Linn., has the body cylindric and very long ; they roll themselves up spirally, without 
any prominent edge or rim at the sides of the segments. The larger species live on the ground, par- 
ticularly in sandy places and woods, and emit a disagreeable scent. The smaller ones feed upon fruits 
and the leaves and roots of esculent vegetables ; others are found under the bark of trees, in moss, &c. 
I. maximus, Linn., a native of South America, reaches seven inches in length, hdus sabulosus, Linn. 
{fasciatus, DeGeer), about sixteen lines long, blackish- brown, with two reddish lines down the back; 
Fig. 44 — Gio- fifty-four segments, the penultimate pointed,— Europe; and other species described by Savi 
meris mar- and Leacli {Zool. Mtsc.) 
ginata. Polyclesmus, Latr., resembles lulus in its linear form and habit of rolling itself in a coil, but the 
segments are compressed at the sides beneath, with a produced margin. Found under stones in damp places. 
I. complanatus, Fabr., and others. 
The species with distinct eyes form Leach’s genus Craspedosoma, and appear to be proper to England, not having 
been noticed by any prior author. 
[Fam. 3.— PoLLYXENiD^, Westw., or the Penicillata of Latr., CoursJ] — Pollyxenus, Latr.— Has the body mem- 
branous, very soft, and terminated by pencils of small scales. The antennae are of equal thickness throughout. 
Scol. lagura, Lin., very minute : it has twelve pairs of legs, placed on the same number of semisegments. Found 
in crevices of walls and under old bark. 
[Dr. Leach has given an excellent monograph of the British species of this family or order, in the third volume 
of the Zoological Miscellany, illustrated by figures. M. Brandt has more recently given a distribution of the tribe, 
in the Bulletin Soc. Imper. Nahiralistes de Moscou, tom vi., 1833, dividing them into three sections,— a, Penta- 
zonia {a, Glomeridea, genus Glomeris, 11 species; b, Sphaerotheria, gen. Sphaerotherium, 5 species; and 
Sphaeropiasus, 2 species) ; b, Trizonia, {a, Julidea, gen. lulus, 13 species ; and Spirobolus, 2 species ; b, Spiro- 
streptidea (gen. Spirostreptus, 2 species ; Spiropseus, 1 species ; Spirocyclistus, 1 species) ; 3, Monozonia (gen. 
Strongylosoma, 1 species ; Craspedosoma, 2 species ; Polydesmus, 6 species ; also, probably, Pollyxenus, Latr., 
and Callipus, Risso). Gray, in Griffith’s translation of the Regne Animal ; Pet ty, in the Delectus Animal. Articul. 
Brasilice, and Gufirin, in the Iconographie of the Regne Animal, have added various other species or genera. 
Rafinesque also described numerous other genera, which have been entirely neglected by systematists.] 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE MYRIAPODA,— 
Chilopoda, Latr. (or the genus Scolopendra, Lin.), — 
AYhich has the antennae more slender towards the extremity, of at least fourteen joints or more, a 
mouth composed of two mandibles furnished with a small palpiform appendage, exhibiting, in the 
middle, the appearance of a soldered articulation, and terminated like a spoon, with toothed edges ; a 
quadrifid lip*, of wdiich the two lateral divisions are the largest, annulated transversely, resembling the 
membranous feet of Caterpillars ; two palpi, or small feet, united together at the base, and hooked at 
the tip ; and a second lipf, formed by a second pair of legs, dilated and united at the base, and termi- 
nated by a strong hook, moveable, and pierced beneath the extremity with a canal for the discharge 
of a venomous liquid. 
The body is depressed and membranous ; each of its rings is covered with a coriaceous or cartila- 
ginous plate, and only bears, in general, a single pair of feetj, the last of which is directed backw^ards, 
and prolonged like a tail. The organs of respiration are composed entirely, or in part, of tubular 
tracheae. 
These animals run quickly ; they are carnivorous, shun the light, and hide themselves beneath stones, 
logs of wood, the bark of trees, in the earth, &c. The inhabitants of hot climates dread them greatly, 
the species inhabiting those regions being very large, and their poison much more powerful. 
Scolopendra morsitans is called, in the Antilles, the Malfaisante. Some of them exhibit a luminous 
property. 
The spiracles are more like those of Insects than those of the preceding family, and are either 
lateral or dorsal. 
This family (in the arrangement of Dr. Leach composing the order Syngnatha) may, from the last- 
mentioned characters, and the nature of its respiratory and locomotive organs, be thus divided. Some 
* Analogous to the lower lip of the Chilognatha, and representing, in 
my opinion, the tongue of the Crustacea, but able to perform also the 
office of maxillae. Savigny names it the first au.xili.iry lip. 
t Second auxiliary lip of Savigny. It is not articulated with the 
head, but with the anterior extremity of the first semisegment. It 
may also represent the lower lip of masticating insects. From these 
and numerous other relations furnished by the Entomostraca and 
Arachnida, I consider that the legs of the hexapod Insects are ana- 
logous to the six foot-jaws of the decapod Crustacea, 
t In this case they are only seiniscgments. 
