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THYSANOURA. 
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THE FIRST FAMILY OF THE THYSANOURA,— 
Lepismen^, Latr., 
Has the antennae like threads, and divided, from the base, into a great number of minute joints; palpi 
very distinct and exposed ; the abdomen furnished on each side, beneath, with a row of moveable 
appendages, like false legs, and terminated by articulated setae, of which three are more remarkable ; 
and the body is clothed with minute, shining scales. It composes the single genus 
Lepisma, Linn., — 
Which has the body elongated, and covered with small scales, silvery and shining, whence the most 
common species has been compared to a small fish. The antennae are setaceous, and often very long. 
The mouth is composed of a labrum, two nearly membranous mandibles, two maxillae, with two divi- 
sions, having a 5 or 6-jointed palpus, and a labium with four divisions, bearing two 4-jointed palpi. 
The thorax is composed of three segments. The abdomen, which is gradually narrowed towards its 
posterior extremity, has, at the sides, a row of small appendages arising from a short joint, and termi- 
nated in setose points : the posterior are the longest. A kind of scaly style, compressed, and formed of 
two pieces, arises from the anus ; then follow three articulated setae, which extend beyond the body. 
The legs are short, with the coxae often very large, and strongly compressed and scale-like. 
Many species hide themselves in the crevices of sashes which remain closed, or are but rarely opened, 
under damp boards, in wardrobes, &c. Others lie hidden under stones. 
Machilis, Latr. {Petrobius, Leach), has the eyes very much facetted, 
nearly contiguous, and occupying nearly all the head ; the body convex, 
arched above ; the abdomen terminated by small threads fitted for leaping, 
the middle one placed above the other two, being much longer than 
them. They leap very well, and frequent stony places. The species 
are entirely European. Lepisma polypoda, Linn., &c. ; Petrobius mari- 
ri,..7.-MachiIispo.ypoda. Leach. 
Lepisma, Linn. {Forbiema, Geoff.), has the eyes very small, wide apart, composed of a small number of grains ; 
the body flat, and terminated by three threads of equal length, inserted in the same line, and not fitted for leaping; 
the coxaj very large. The majority of the species are found in the interior of houses. Lep. saccharina, Linn., 
four lines long, of a leaden, silvery colour, without spots, said to be a native of America, and other species. 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE THYSANOURA,— 
PoDURELL.®, Latr., — 
Have the antennae composed of four joints ; the mouth not exhibiting distinct and exserted palpi, and 
of which the abdomen is terminated by a furcate tail, applied, in inaction, against the belly, and used 
in leaping. These, also, only form the single genus 
PoDURA, Linn. 
These insects are very small, soft, elongated, with the head oval, and two eyes, each formed of eight 
minute tubercles. The legs have only four distinct joints. The tail is soft, flexible, and composed of 
a basal piece, moveable at its insertion, and terminated by two branches forming the prongs of the fork, 
which are capable of opening and shutting. They can unfold their tail, striking it with force against 
the plane of position, and thus raising themselves into the air, and leaping like the Fleas, but to a more 
moderate height. 
Some species are found upon trees and plants, or beneath bark or stones, and sometimes upon the 
snow itself, at the time of a thaw. Many species unite into numerous societies, upon the earth, in 
sandy paths, and resemble, at a distance, a small quantity of gunpowder. The propagation of some 
species appears to take place in the winter. 
Podura, Linn., has the antennae of equal tliickness throughout, without minute 
joints at the tip ; the body is linear or cylindrical, with the thorax distinctly articu- 
lated, and the abdomen narrow and oblong. Podura arborea, Linn. ; P. aquatica, 
Linn., &c. 
Smyntlmrus, Latr., has the antennae slenderer at the tip, and terminated by an 
annulated joint ; the thorax and abdomen form a globular or oval mass. Podura 
^ “ Vig: 48.— Podura villusa. 
atra, Lmn., &c. 
