COLEOPTERA. 493 
pieces, fitted for trituration ; and that the existence of a complicated apparatus for an excrementitial 
secretion, possessing ammoniacal qualities, is one of the most striking features of the Carahi.] 
They are divided into two tribes. 
The first, that of the Cicindeletce, Latr., comprises the genus 
CiCTNDELA, Linn., — 
Which have the tip of the maxillae furnished with a corneous, slender hook, artieulated at its base with 
these under jav^s. The head is robust, with great eyes, jaws very advanced and toothed, and a very 
short tonguelet hidden behind the mentura. The labial palpi are distinctly composed of four joints ; 
they are commonly hirsute, as well as the maxillary palpi. The majority of the species are 
exotic. 
Some species have a tooth in the middle of the notch of the mentum, with the labial palpi wide apart at the 
base. 
Manticora, Fab., has the tarsi alike in both sexes, with cylindrical joints. Manticora maxillosa, Fab. [and M. la- 
tipennis, Waterh.] from Calfraria. M. pallida, Fab., forming M’Leay’s genus Platychile, [figured in King’s 
Jahrbiieher]. 
Those species which have the three basal joints of the anterior tarsi dilated in the males, with the body oblong 
or oval, and the thorax nearly square, compose the genera Megacephala, Latr,, (with a transverse short upper lip) ; 
Oxycheila, Dej. (with a large triangular upper lip) ; Eiiprosopus, Latr., and Cicindela pioper, which has the labial 
palpi not longer than the maxillary, the third joint of the former not manifestly thicker than the following Joint, 
and the three dilated basal joints of the anterior male tarsi elongated. 
The body of the last-named insects is generally of a darker or lighter green colour, varied with shining metallic 
tints, and with white spots upon the elytra ; they frequent dry situations exposed to the sun, run very quickly, 
fiy off when they are approached, and alight at a short distance ; if again disturbed, they have recourse to the 
same means of defence. 
The larvae of two indigenous species, the only ones yet observed, burrow in the earth, forming a cylindrical hole 
of considerable depth, using their jaws and feet in its construction, and loading the concave back of their heads 
with the grains of earth which they have detached, with which they ascend backwards, resting at intervals, 
fixing themselves to the inner walls of their burrow by the assistance of the two hooked tubercles upon the back ; 
when arrived at the orifice, they jerk off their load to a distance. Whilst lying in ambush the flat plate of the head 
exactly stops the mouth of the hole, forming a flat surface with the surrounding soil. They seize their prey with 
their jaws, and even rush upon it, precipitating it to the bottom of their burrows, with a see-saw motion of the 
head. They likewise descend them with equal quickness at the least danger. If they find them too narrow, or the 
nature of the earth is not favourable to them, they make a new burrow. Their 
voracity is even extended to other larva;, even of their owm kind, stationed in the 
same situations. They close the orifice of their burrow when they change their 
skin, or undergo their change to the pupa state. These observations have in part 
been communicated to me by M. Miger, who has greatly studied the larvae of 
Coleoptera. 
Cicindela campestris, Lin,, is half an inch long, of an obscure green above, with 
the upper lip white, and with a slight tooth in the middle ; each of the elytra with 
five small white dots. Very common throughout Europe, especially in the spring. 
Cicindela germanica, Lin, [the smallest British species], and some others, are 
of a narrower form ; they fly less than the foregoing. All these species are winged, 
but other exotic species are apterous, forming Dejean’s genus Dromica. 
Clenostoma, Klug, has the body long and narrow, the thorax long and knotted, 
and the third joint of the male tarsi is produced on the inside into a plate. The 
species are from tropical America. 
Therates, Latr. {Eurychile, Bonelli); Colliuris, Latr. {Collyris, Fab,); and Tricondyla, Latr., are three genera 
which have no tooth in the middle of the notch of the mentum, and the labial palpi are contiguous at the base. 
Therates has the form of Cicindela proper, but in the two others the body is long and narrow, and the thorax knotted. 
All the species of these three groups are peculiar to the East Indies and the islands of the adjacent Archipelago. 
[The investigation of the family Cicindelidae*, corresponding with the Linnsean genus Cicindela, or 
Cicindeletae of Latreille, has been greatly pursued by modern continental authors, who have described 
a great many new species, chiefly exotic, and have added several new genera. Dejean’s Species General, 
Vander Linden’s Memoir on the Insects of Java, Laporte de Castelnan, in various memoirs. Gory, Say, 
Klug, Guerin, Gistl, &c., have particularly studied this family ; and in our own country M‘Leay, Kirby, 
and Hope, in the 2nd part of The Coleopterisfs Manual, have described many new species.] 
* [English authors have generally adopted the plan first proposed | treille, and for which they retain the old Linnsean generic name, but 
by Mr. Kirby, in his “ Century,” of forming the Linnsean genera into 1 with an uniform termination ida."] 
natural families, corresponding with the “ families naturelles” of La- I 
Fig. 52. — Cicindela campestris, and 
