498 
INSECTA. 
Stenolophus, Zeig’l., differs in having the penultimate joint of the four anterior tarsi — at least in the males, and 
the same in the posterior tarsi in some species— divided to the base into two lobes. Type, Carahus vaporario- 
rum, Linn., &c. 
Acupalpus, Latr., in which the four anterior tarsi differ but slightly from the posterior, with the intermediate 
joints rounded, nearly moniliform, and villose. The outer palpi ai'e terminated by a joint pointed at the tip. They 
are very small, and seem to unite with Trechus. Type, Carabus meridianus, Linn., [a very common little English 
species]. 
[Many additional genera, allied to Harpalus, have been separated by Dejean, Laporte, Cbaudoir, 
Erichson, and other continental Entomologists ; but they are, for the most part, founded upon minute 
structural characters, not requiring notice in this edition.] 
4. The fourth section, Simplicimani, approach the preceding in the manner in which the elytra 
are terminated ; but the two anterior tarsi are alone dilated in the males, without forming a square or 
orbicular plate. Sometimes the first three joints are evidently larger, and the following is always 
much smaller than the preceding. Sometimes this and the two preceding are broader, nearly equal, in 
the shape of a heart reversed, or triangular. The basal joints of the four succeeding tarsi are slenderer 
and longer, nearly cylindrical, or in the shape of a long reversed cone. Some have the ungues of the 
tarsi simple, or wnthout teeth. 
In a first subdivision, of considerable extent, the third joint of the antennm is at most as long again 
as the preceding joint ; the legs robust ; and the thorax, in its broadest part, as wnde as the elytra. 
Sometimes the mandibles are evidently shorter than the head, and do not extend beyond the labrum 
more than half their length. 
We commence with those which have all the outer palpi filiform. 
Zahrus, Bonelli, has the last joint of the maxillary palpi sensibly shorter than the preceding, and the two anterior 
tibiae are terminated by two spines. Type, Carahvs gibhus, Fabr., [a species of not very common occurrence in 
this country, and which has been ascertained to feed upon growing corn]. 
Pogonus, ZeigL, which in the natural order appears allied to Amara, has the two basal joints alone, of the ante- 
rior tarsi, dilated in the males, the basal joint being the largest. The body is more oblong. These insects appear 
exclusively to inhabit the sea-coast, or the shores of salt water. \_Harpalus luridipennis, Germar.] 
Tetragonoderiis, Dejean, has the anterior tarsi of the males proportionately less dilated than in the following, the 
basal joints being narrower and more elongated, and rather in the shape of a reversed cone than a heart. They 
are peculiar to South America. {^Harpalus circumftisus, Germar.] 
Feronia, Latr., has the anterior tarsi of the males, with the three first joints strongly dilated, obcordate, with 
the second and third rather transverse than longitudinal. This subgenus comprises a great number of generic 
groups, indicated by Dejean in his Catalogue, which are as follow ; — Amara, Poecilus, Argutor, Omaseus, Platysma, 
Pterostichus, Abax, Steropus, Percus, Molops, and Cophosus. Dejean, however, having perceived the difficulty of 
characterizing them, united them all, with the exception of the first, into a great generical groirp, for which he re- 
tained my name Feronia. But as to Amara, I have in vain searched for characters to distinguish it from the 
other genera. That derived from the tooth of the notch of the mentum, not to speak of its unimpoi'tance, is a very 
equivocal character. This tooth, in all these Carabici, appears to me to have a notch at its tip, but rather more 
distinct and deep in some than in others. The moniliform structure of the antennse of some of the groups appears 
to me not to be assignable with precision to the limits of such groups. I may say the same of the concavity of 
the front margin of the labrum, and the form of the thorax. 
The Feronicx may be ai-ranged in three sections. — 1st. The species generally winged, which have the body more 
or less oval : slightly convex or arched above, with the antennaj more filiform ; the head proportionally narrowed, 
and the mandibles rather less exposed. In their habits they appear to approach Zabrus and Harpalus. Such are 
Amara*, with the thorax transverse ; Pcscilus, in which it is nearly as long’ as broad, and the antennse are short, 
with the third joint compressed and angular ; and Argutor, similar to PoecUus, but with longer antennse, of 
which the third joint is not angulated.— 2nd. The species generally winged, but with the body straight, flat, or hori- 
zontal above, and the head nearly as broad. Such are Platysma, Bon. ; to which we may unite that of Omaseus 
and Cafadromus, Mach— 3rd. The species analogous to the preceding in their general characters, but which differ 
in wanting wings. The majority of these have the thorax not uniformly cordate or truncate, and the elytra have 
a transverse fold at the base. Sometimes the thorax is nearly square or truncate-cordate, with the posterior 
angles acute ; (genera Cophosus, Zeigl. ; C. cylindricus, Austria, having the body oblong, square, or cylindrical, 
and Abax, Bonelli, having the body generally oval, depressed, or slightly convex— type, Carabus striola, Fabr., 
[a common British species], found in the cold and moist parts of forests, &c.), whilst sometimes the thorax is 
terminated behind in two acute angles, and evidently narrowed. Those species with the body depressed 
on the upper side form the genus Pterostichus, Bonelli ; whilst those with the upper side of the body more convex 
form the genus Molops ; from the former of which Steropus has been detached, having the posterior angles of the 
thorax rounded. We terminate the subgenus with species of large size, in which the thorax is always truncate-cor- 
date, and the base of the elytra has not the transverse fold. Such is the chief character of Pereus, Bonelli —type, 
to him to be more so on the outside than on the inner edge. Hence 
* Some species of very short stature form the genus Leirus of some 
writers. Scoli/tus flea'nosus, ¥nhr., appears to belong to this division, 
but Dejean says that the four anterior tarsi are dilated, but they appear 
it may form a separate genus, Cyclosomus. 
