542 
INSECTA. 
Rhina, Latr., is winged, and the antennae are inserted near the middle of the rostrum ; the fore-feet in the males i; 
are very long. 
Calandra proper, has the antennae much elbowed, but inserted at the base of the rostrum. 
Calandra granaria, the Corn Weevil, commits great havoc in granaries, its larva feeding on the grain ; that of ii 
C.palmarum feeds on the palm. Its larva is esteemed a delicacy by the natives of South America. I 
Cossonus, has short antennae, inserted near the middle of the rostrum. ! 
Drgoptho7’us, Sch., has only 6-jointed antennae, and 5- jointed tarsi ; none of the joints being bilobed. 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE COLEOPTERA TETRAMERA,— 
The Xylophagi, — 
Have not the head produced into a muzzle ; the antennae are thickened towards the tips, or perfoliated 
from the base ; always short, with fewer than eleven^ joints in the majority ; the tarsi (which 
appear to be 5-jointed* in some), generally entire, or having the penultimate joint dilated and heart- 
shaped ; in the latter case the antennae are always terminated by a club, either solid and ovoid, or 
divided into three plates, and the palpi are short and conical. These insects generally live in wood, 
which their larvae pierce, forming burrows in every direction ; and when abundant in forests, especially 
those of firs and pines, they destroy the trees in a few years, rendering them unfit to be used in 
the arts. Some are also very destructive to the olive ; others feed on fungi. 
We divide this family into three sections. 
1. Those which have the antennae composed of ten joints at least, either terminated in a thick mass, 
generally solid, or having three elongated plates ; or forming a cylindric and perfoliated mass from the 
base, and the palpi are conical ; the anterior tibiae in the majority are toothed, and armed with a strong 
hook ; and the tarsi have the penultimate joint generally bilobed. Some have the palpi very short, and 
the antennae terminated in a solid or trilamellar mass, preceded by five joints at the least. These 
Xylophagi compose the genus — 
ScoLYTUs, Geoffr. 
In some the penultimate joint of the tarsi is bilobed, and the 
antennse have seven or eight joints preceding thejclub. 
Hylurgus, Latr., has the club of the antennse solid, globular, 
and annulated. [iL. piniperda, and numerous other species 
of minute size, some of which are very destructive to pine 
forests.] 
Hylesinus, Fabr., has the club of the antennae solid and 
annulated ; but pointed at the tip. 
Scolytus proper (Eccoptogaster, Herbst.) has’ the antennae 
Fig. 80-1, 2.Tomicas .ypog.aphus-3, 4, 5. 6, Hyhugus piniperpa Straight, naked ; the club solid. Very compressed, its annuli 
(natural size and magnified) . forming concenti’ic constrictions. [(S. destructor, and several 
other species, the former of which is exceedingly injurious, destroying the elms in great quantity round London.] 
Camptocerus, Dej., has the male antennae furnished below the club with long filaments. 
Phloiotribus, Latr., dilfers from all the rest in the club of the antennae being formed of three long filaments. 
In the others the tarsal joints (apparently five in number) are entire, and the club of the antennae commences at 
the sixth or seventh joint. 
Tomicus, Latr., has no notches at the sides of the thorax, and the tibiae are not striated. [Numerous minute> 
cylindric species.] 
Platypus, Herbst., has the sides of the thorax notched to receive the femora, and the tibiae are transversely 
striated. 
[The insects of this genus, or rather family, have been recently described by Dr. Erichson in Weigmanns Archiv., 
and figured in Dr. Ratzeburg’s Forst Insecten. Several new genera ai'e established in these works.] 
The others have the palpi large, very visible, and of unequal length. The body is depressed and 
narrowed in front ; the antennae either 2-jointed, the second joint being very large and irregular-shaped, 
or 10-jointed, and entirely perfoliated ; the tarsi are entire. These are exotic insects [of the most 
singular appearance and greatest rarity], wdiich compose the genus 
Paussus, Linn., — 
[Of winch’ll have published a monograph in the Trans. Linn., and Entomol. Society, proposing several 
new genera]. 
• Latreill' observes, that these appear to be allied to Cryptophagus, 
and other analogous Pentamerous Coleoptera. [The fact is, that 
whilst some of the species here placed at the head of the Xylophagi, 
are extremely close in their relations to the Curculionidae, others 
possess no other relation than that of being minute in size, and 
xylophagous in habits.] 
