COLEOPTERA. 
545 
head is immersed as deep as these organs in the thorax, not being separated by a sudden neck ; in many 
it is vertical. 
Some of these have the terminal joint of the palpi either conical or triangular, or cylindric and 
truncated at the tip ; the terminal lobe of the maxillae is straight, (not inwardly curved at the tip) ; the 
head is generally porrected, or but slightly inclined ; and in those few which have it vertical {Dorcacerus), 
it is nearly as broad as the body, and the antennae are very wide apart at the base, and spinose ; the 
thorax often very rough, and rarely cylindrical. These Longicornes compose two prineipal groups or 
tribes, \Prionii and Cerambycini]. 
1. The Prionii have, for their characters, labrura wanting or very small, and scarcely distinct ; man- 
dibles very strong and large, especially in the males ; inner lobe of the maxillae wanting, or very small ; 
antennae inserted near the base of the mandibles, or the notch of the eyes, but not encircled by them at 
the base ; thorax often trapezoid or square, crenulated, or toothed at the sides. 
Parandra, Latr., has the antennas simple, nearly moniliforni, compressed, not longer than the thorax, and the 
terminal lobe of the maxillae small, scarcely reaching beyond the basal joint of the palpi ; it is more especially 
distinguished by the horny tonguelet in the form of a very short transverse segment of a circle, neither notched nor 
lobed in front, and by the tarsi having the penultimate joint scarcely bilobed, and the last joint longer than all the 
rest, with two setae at the tip of a small appendage between the claws. Thebodyisparallellipiped, [and very shining]. 
The species are peculiar to America. Type, P. Icevis, Latr. 
Spondylis, Fabr., approaches Parandra in the form of its antennae and maxillary lobes, but it has the tonguelet 
as in all the rest of the Longicornes, membranous, heart-shaped ; the penultimate joint of the tarsi is deeply bilobed, 
and it is destitute of the setigerous appendage between the claws. buprestoides, Linn., 6 or 7 lines long. [In- 
habits the North of Europe.] 
Prionus. — The third and last genus of this tribe has the antennas longer than the head and thorax, serrated or 
pectinated in some, simple and slender at the tips, and with elongated joints in others ; the terminal lobe of the 
maxillae is at least as long as the two basal joints of the palpi ; the body is generally depressed, with the thorax square 
or trapezoid, and either toothed, spined, or angular at the sides. 
These insects only fly in the evening or during the night, and always settle upon trees. Some exotic species are 
remarkable for their size, and the enormous developement of their mandibles. The larvae of Prionus cervi- 
cornis, which lives in the wood of the Gossampinus tree, is eaten [by the natives of South America]. 
This genus comprises a very great number of species, which, from the variety in the form and size of their 
mandibles, antennae, thorax, and abdomen, are divisible into many smaller subgenera, described by M. Serville, [in 
the memoir above alluded to]. Some of the species have the body elongated, straight, with the thorax much shorter 
than the abdomen, and greatly curved at the sides, and the mandibles of large size in the males. Amongst these 
are the continental species, P. scabricornis, and many large exotic species. 
Others have the body not so oblong, somewhat depressed in front, and with moderate-sized mandibles in both 
sexes, and the antennae strongly serrated in the males. Amongst these is 
Prionus coriarius [the only British species], an inch and a half long, and of a brown black colour. It lives in the 
larva state in the rotten trunks of oaks, &c. : when ready to undergo its transformation, it forms a hole in the 
I earth. 
Anacolus, Lep. and Serv., has the elytra small and triangular. [Brazilian insects.] 
Other species, of varied and often metallic colours, have the body shorter and broader, nearly oval, the antennae 
■ simple, the head prolonged behind the eyes, &c. 
I The Cerambycini have the labrum very distinct, and extending across the entire front of the head ; 
I the two maxillary lobes are very distinct and exserted ; the mandibles of the ordinary size, and alike 
I or scarcely differing in the two sexes ; the eyes always notched ; the antennse ordinarily as long as, 
‘ or longer than the body ; the thighs, or at least the four anterior, are generally clavate, being slen- 
j der at the base. 
ij We arrange in the first place those which have the last joint of the palpi evidently thicker than the 
I preceding, of a triangular or conical form ; the head not being materially narrowed, and prolonged in 
j front like a muzzle, the thorax not dilated from the front to the hind part, and the elytra not in the 
shape of small scales, nor suddenly narrowed from the base and terminated like an awl. These con- 
stitute the normal group of the Cerambycini, the others being in several respects anomalous, the last 
of which appear to connect this tribe with the following. They compose the genera Cerambyoc, Clytus, 
Callidium, and part of Stenocorus, Fabr. They are the Cerambyoc of Linnseus, to which some of his 
Lepturae are to be united. Modern Entomologists [especially Serville,] have greatly augmented the 
number of their generic groups, but their characters are so slight that they may be reduced to one, — 
Cekambyx. 
A great number of species, all from South America, proportionably shorter and broader than the following, with 
I I the antennae often pectinated, serrated, or spined, are remarkable for the extent of the thorax, of which the length 
