INSECTA. 
562 
yellow, spotted with black, and which Shaw and Denon have fig-m-ed in the accounts of their voyages in Africa ; 
they then reduce them to powder, which they use as flour, as 1 learn from M. Savigny. These two species, and 
some others, have a conical prominence upon the prosternum, and compose the genus Acrydium. Amongst 
those which do not present this character, and in which the antenncE are equally Aliform, some have the 
wing-covers and wings perfect in the two sexes, and belong to the genus which I have named (Edipoda. In this 
number are G. stridulus, G. cterulescens, {G.flavipes, and a great number of smaller species found in this country, 
usually called Grasshoppers, but distinguished by their shorter antennae.] 
Other Acrydia, similarly winged and with filiform antennae, have the upper part 
of the prothorax strongly elevated, very compressed, forming a sharp crest, rounded 
and prolonged into a point behind. Foreign countries possess numerous species, 
one only of which, and of smaller size, is found in the south of France (A, arma- 
tum, Fischer.] 
In the others, one of the sexes, at least, has the wing-covers and wings very short, 
and in no wise fitted for flight. I have formed for these a new generic group, named 
Fig. 93. — G. flavipps. ,. 
Podisma. 
The Acrydia which have the antennae thickened at the tips, either in both sexes or in only one of them, are 
formed also into a peculiar genus, Gompliocerus, by Thunberg. G. sibiricus, and other small British species. 
In the second division of the genus Acrydium, the prosternum receives in a cavity a part of the under-side of 
the head ; the tonguelet is quadrifid, and the tarsi have no pulvillus between the ungues ; the antennae have only 
13 or 14 joints ; the thorax is prolonged behind like a large scutellum, which is sometimes longer than the entire 
body, and the wing-covers are very small. These Orthoptera form the genus 
Tetrix, Latr. {Acrydium, Fab., part of Gi'yllus bulla, Linn.), which is composed of very small species. 
THE SEVENTH ORDER OF INSECTS,- 
THE HEMIPTERA (Rhyngota, Fabr.),— 
Terminate in our system the numerous division of insects furnished with wing-covers, and 
being the only ones among them which have neither mandibles nor maxillae, properly so 
called, [that is, fitted for biting]. A tubular articulated tongue, cylindrical or conical in its 
form, curved downwards, or directed under the breast, having the appearance of a kind of 
rostrum ; presenting throughout its whole upper face, when stretched forward, a gutter, or 
canal, out of which three scaly, stiff, slender, and pointed setae may be withdrawn, and which 
are covered at the base by a tonguelet ; these setae form unitedly a sucker, resembling a sting, 
having for its sheath the tubular piece above described, and in which it is kept by means of 
the superior tonguelet [or labrum], situated at its base. The inferior seta is composed of two 
threads united into one at a short distance from their origin ; thus the number of the pieces 
of the sucker is, in reality, four. M. Savigny considered that the two superior setae, or those 
which are separate, represent the mandibles of the biting insects, and that the two threads of ^ 
the inferior seta answer to the maxillae (or rather, as it appears to me, to their terminal lobes, 'j 
which in the Bees and Butterflies are transformed : 
m*' 
into an elongated filament) ; hence the lower lip 
is replaced by the tubular sheath of the sucker, and 
^ the triangular piece at the base becomes the labrum. 
The tonguelet, properly so called, also exists, and 
under a form analogous to that of the preceding 
piece, but bifid at the tip (see Cicada ) ; the palpi 
are the only organs w'hich have entirely disappeared, 
and vestiges of them are perceived in Thrips, [which, 
however, are now proved to belong to an order dis- 
tinct from the present ; palpi, small and inarticulate, 
also exist in some of the Hydrocorisae]. 
The mouth of the Hemiptera is, therefore, fitted 
only for extracting by suction fluid matters : the 
delicate threads of which the sucker is formed pierce the vessels of plants and animals, and the 
/ (ikx^ 
Fig-. 94. — Promuscis of Hemiptera. Pentatoma. {e, eyes; 
o, ocelli ; a, base of antermse ; I I, upper lip ; I 2, under- 
lip, or canal ; m, mandibular, and mo', maxillary set«.) 
i 
