I 
580 
INSECTA. 
T. lucifugus flavicollis inhabit the south of France, living in the interior of trees. The exotic species have 
been but imperfectly characterised, Linnaeus having confounded several under the name of T. fatale. 
EmUa, Latr., comprises several insects allied to Termes, butwith the head larger than the thorax ; tarsi 3-jointed ; 
wings scarcely extending beyond the abdomen. [See my monograph on this exotic genus, published in Transac- 
tions of the Limuean Society of London.'] 
The other Termitines have the tarsi 2-jointed ; the labial palpi indistinct, or very short ; the antennae 
about 10-jointed ; the first segment of the thorax very small, and the hind wings smaller than the fore 
ones. They form the genus 
Psocus, Latr. {Termes, Hemerobius, Fabr.), 
These are insects with a short, soft, and gibbose body ; the head large ; the antennae setaceous ; wings roof-like, 
and but slightly veined. They are very active, and live on the bark of trees. We generally find in 
books of collections of plants, the P. pulsatorius, of a whitish colour, and which has been believed 
to produce the slight noise like the ticking of a clock, often heard in houses, whence its specific 
name. 
5. The Perlides, which, have three joints in the tarsi, the mandibles almost always 
membranous and small, with the hind wings broader than the fore wings, and folded 
at the inner edge. They consist of the genus 
Perla, Geolf., — 
In which the body is elongate, narrow, and flattened ; the head rather large; antennae setaceous ; 
pro thorax nearly square ; the wings shutting horizontally on the body ; and the abdomen generally 
terminated by two setae. Their larvae are aquatic, and are stated [by Latreille, but erroneously,] to reside in cases 
which they bear about with them. [They are naked, and resemble the imago, but are wingless.] 
Perla bicaudata, Linn. {Phryganea), is a rather common species, found on the margin of rivers. 
Nemoura, Latr., differs from Perla in its corneous mandibles, and in the abdomen not being terminated by setae. 
[See the monograph of this group, published by Mr. Newman in the Magazine of Natural History.] 
Figr- 114. — Atropos 
pulsatorius. 
THE THIRD FAMILY OF THE NEUROPTERA,— 
The Plicipennes, Latr., — 
Are destitute of mandibles, and their hind wings are generally broader than the superior, and folded 
throughout their whole length. They comprise the genus 
Phryganea, Linn. 
They have at the first sight the appearance of small Phalmnae, and De Geer observed that the internal 
structure of their larva has great resemblance to that of caterpillars. In the systems of Kirby and 
Leach, they form the order Trichoptera, which is connected with the Lepidoptera by means of the 
Tinea. But as we naturally pass from the Plicipennes to the Perlides, we should be compelled to ter- 
minate the Neuroptera with Libellula and Ephemera, of which the structure and habits greatly differ 
from those of the Hymenoptera, which succeeds them in this system. The Libellula and other adjacent 
Neuroptera, appear to us nearest allied to the Orthoptera. 
The head of the Plicipennes is small, with two long setaceous and porrected antenna ; the eyes are 
round and prominent ; two ocelli, placed in the forehead ; a conical or bent labrum ; four palpi, the 
maxillary pair being often very long, filiform, or nearly setaceous, 5-jointed, and the labial 3-jointed; 
the maxilla and lower lip membranous and united ; the body is generally very hairy, and forms with 
the wings an elongated triangle, as in many Noctua or Pyralides ; the prothorax is small ; the wings are 
simply veined, silken, or hirsute in many, and always roof-like. The legs are long, furnished with 
small spines, with five joints to all the tarsi. These insects chiefly fly in the evening or night, often 
entering our houses, attracted by the light, and being extremely active in all their movements. They 
emit a disagreeable smell when touched. The smaller species fly in troops over water. Many females 
carry their eggs united into a pacquet at the posterior extremity of the abdomen. Their larvae [which 
are the well-known bait of the angler, called Caddice, or Cad-bait,] reside, like the larvae of some moths, 
in cases generally cylindrical, covered with various substances they collect in the water, such as bits of 
straw, leaves, sticks', sand, and even small shells, often symmetrically arranged, and which they affix to 
their cases hy silken threads, spun from internal reservoirs similar to those of caterpillars ; the interior 
of this habitation forms a tube, which the larva bears about with it, protruding the anterior part 
of its body when it creeps forward, never quitting it of its own accord, and immediately re-entering it if 
forced out of it. 
