HYMENOPTERA. 
585 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE HYMENOPTERA,— 
The Pupivora, — 
Has the abdomen attached to the thorax by a small portion only of its transverse diameter, and often 
by a slender peduncle, so that its mode of insertion is very distinct, and it is easily bent over the thorax. 
The females are armed with a borer, which serves them as an oviduct. 
The larvae are footless grubs, and are, for the most part, parasites, and carnivorous. 
I divide them into six tribes. 
The first tribe, Evaniales, Latr., has the wings veined, and the superior, at least, areolated ; the 
antennae, filiform or setaceous, 13-or 14-jointed; the mandibles toothed internally; the maxillary palpi 
6-jointed, and the labial 4-jointed ; the abdomen implanted high on the thorax, and often beneath the 
scutellum, with the ovipositor generally exserted, and composed of three threads. This tribe may be 
formed into a single genus, 
Fcenus. 
Evania, Latr., has the ovipositor internal, the antennae elbowed, and the abdomen very minute, compressed, 
pedunculated, and attached at the upper and posterior extremity of the thorax, close to the scutellum. [JS. appen- 
digaster, Latr., a small species, regarded as parasitic upon the Cockroach.] 
Pelecinus, Latr., has the abdomen sometimes very much elongated, filiform, and arched, sometimes narrowed 
gradually towards the base and terminated in a club ; the posterior tibiee are thickened, and the ovipositor not 
exserted. [Singular American insects.] 
Fcenus, Fabr., has the ovipositor long, exserted, and formed of three long and equal threads, and the abdomen 
and posterior tibiae clavate, and the antennae filiform. [Two British species.] 
Aulacus, Jur., has the abdomen compressed, the tibiae slender, and the antennae setaceous. [Several continental 
and American insects.] 
Paxylloma, Brebisson, has the abdomen sickle-shaped. [This genus is arranged by subsequent authors 
amongst the Ichneumones adsciti. Latreille had noticed its great relation with Ophion. P. buccata, the type, 
has occurred in this country.] 
The second tribe, the Ichneumonides, have the wings also veined, the superior always exhibiting 
in the disc perfect or closed cells ; the abdomen is affixed between the two hind feet ; the antennae are 
generally filiform or setaceous, (very rarely clavate,) vibratile, and composed of a great number of 
joints (16 at least). In the majority the mandibles have no tooth on the inside, and are terminated 
in a bifid tooth. The maxillary palpi are always apparent, or prominent, and have mostly only five 
joints. The ovipositor is composed of three threads. 
This tribe embraces nearly the whole of the genus 
Ichneumon, Linn., — 
Which destroy the progeny of Lepidopterous insects, so injurious to the agriculturist, under the form 
of Caterpillars, in the same manner as the Ichneumon quadruped was supposed to destroy the Croco- 
dile, by depositing its eggs in its entrails. 
The old authors named these insects Musccb tripiles, on account of the three threads of the 
ovipositor ; and Musccb vihrantes, because they continually vibrate their antennae, which are often 
curved, with a white or yellow ring in the middle. They have long maxillary palpi, nearly setaceous, 
5- or 6-jointed, the labial being shorter, and 3- or 4-jointed. The tonguelet is generally entire, or 
simply eraarginate. The body has generally a narrow and elongated or linear form, with the ovipositor 
sometimes exterior and like a tail, and sometimes very short, and hidden in the interior of the abdo- 
men, which is terminated in a point, whereas it is thickened and obliquely truncate in those which 
have the ovipositor exposed. Of the three pieces of which it is composed the middle piece is the only 
part which penetrates into the body, in which the eggs are deposited ; its tip is often slit like the point 
of a pen. The females, when ready to deposit their eggs, run or fly about in order to discover the 
larvae, pupae, or eggs of insects, and even of Spiders, Plant Lice, &c., destined to receive the eggs and 
to nourish the young Ichneumons, exhibiting in these searches an admirable instinct, in order to find 
the objects of their search in their most concealed retreats. It is [in caterpillars, &c., which live] 
beneath the bark of trees, or in their crevices, that those with an elongated ovipositor place their 
eggs [in the manner represented in the annexed figures] ; whilst those with a short ovipositor place 
