598 
INSECTA. 
of those substances. The larvae, owing to the position of their cells, have the head downwards ; and, when ready 
to become pupae, spin a cocoon for themselves. The males neither work [nor sting.] 
Some species (forming the genus Polistes, Latr.), have the portion of the inner edge of the mandibles which is 
beyond the angle shorter than that which precedes this angle, and the middle of the clypeus is pointed. Some of 
these, as the Brazilian P. morio, have the abdomen formed as in Eumenes, whilst in others, as in the French 
P. gallica, Linn., it is of an oval form. The former of these two species makes a large inclosed nest in the form 
of a truncated cone, with a hole at the bottom, [fixed to the branches of trees] ; the second makes its nest, con- 
sisting of about twenty or thirty cells, exposed and arranged like a bouquet, the outer cells being smallest. Others 
have the abdomen ovoid, or conical, as in the South American F. nidulans, which suspends its nests to the boughs 
of trees by a ring, the nests being of a conical form, with a convex bottom, having an opening in it. In proportion 
to the extent of the community the nest is enlarged, by a fresh layer of cells being added to the under-side of the 
old bottom. 
The other Wasps, forming the genus Vespa proper, have the upper portion of the inner edge of each mandible 
as long as, or longer than, the posterior, which precedes it, and the middle of the front edge of the clypeus is 
truncate, with a tooth on each side. Vespa crabro, the Hornet ; F. vulgaris, the common Wasp, and other 
species. 
THE FOURTH FAMILY OF THE ACULEATED HYMENOPTERA,— 
The Mellifera, or Anthophila, Latr. (the Bees), — 
Exhibits, in the peculiar circumstances of the two hind feet, that of collecting the pollen of flowers, an 
unique character, which distinguishes it from all the other families of insects. The first joint of the 
tarsi in these feet is very large, much compressed, in the form of a square plate, or of a reversed 
triangle. The parasitic species are, however, destitute of this peculiar property ; but the form of their 
feet is always essentially the same ; they are merely deprived of hairs, or pollen brushes. 
The maxillae [and lower lips] are generally very long, and form a kind of proboscis ; the lower lip 
has often the form of a lance-head, or a long filament, the extremity of which is silken or hairy. Their 
larvae feed exclusively on honey, and the fecundating farina of flowers ; the perfect insect, in like 
manner, only subsists on honey. These Hymenoptera embrace the genus Api^, Linn., which I divide 
into two sections, {Andrenetae. and Apiari(B\. 
The first section, Andrenet.<e, Latr., has the middle division of the lower lip in form of a heart, or 
lance-head, shorter than its sheath and folded above in some, and nearly straight in others. It is 
composed of the genus 
Andrena, Fab. {Proabeille, Reaumur ; Melitta, Kirby]. 
These insects live solitarily, and only possess two kinds of individuals, males and females. The man- 
dibles are simple, or terminated by not more than two teeth ; the labial palpi resemble the maxillary, 
which are always 6-jointed ; the lateral lobes of the labium are very short. The majority of the 
females collect upon the hairs of the hind-feet the farina of flowers, and form it, with a little honey, 
into a kind of paste, for the food of their larvae. Thay form in the earth, and often in beaten foot- 
paths, deep burrows, in which they place this paste, with an egg, and then close the aperture 
with earth. 
Some have the middle division of the lower lip heart-shaped, and folded in repose. 
Hylveus, Fab. (Prosopis, Jur.), has the body glabrous, the upper wings with only two complete submarginal 
cells. They do not gather pollen, and appear to deposit their eggs in the nests of other Bees. [Several British 
species.] 
Colletes, Latr., has the body villose, with three complete cubital cells ; these collect pollen. Type, A. succmcta, 
Latr, [a common British species]. 
The others have the labium in the form of a lance-head, and some of them have this part folded upon the 
upper side of the sheath, as in 
Andrena, [having the hind feet not remarkably pilose, consisting of very numerous British species], and 
Dasypoda, the last of which has the hind tarsi clothed with very long hairs. The upper wings in both these 
subgenera have only two submarginal cells. 
In the others, the labium is nearly straight, or slightly folded beneath at the tip ; the maxillae more elbowed, and 
the cubital cells three in number, as in 
Sphecodes, having the male antennae nodose, and the middle labial lobe short ; 
Halictus, in which the females have a longitudinal slit at the apex of the abdomen ; and 
Nomia, Latr., in which the legs of the males are swollen or dilated. 
Tbs second section of the Melliferse, that of the Apiari^, comprises those species which have the 
middle division of the lower lip at least as long as the mentum or tubular sheath, and like a filament. 
