INSECTA. 
612 
The sixth section of the Nocturnal Lepidoptera, that of the PnALiENA tortrix, Linn., has the 
greatest relation to the preceding species, the upper wings having the outer margin curved at the base, 
and subsequently narrowed ; and their short, broad form, like a truncated oval, gives these insects a 
remarkable appearance ; the proboscis is distinct, and the palpi generally nearly similar to those of the 
Noctuse, but rather more advanced. They are small Moths, agreeably coloured, with the wings nearly 
horizontal, or rather slightly deflexed at the sides ; the upper pair slightly crossing the lower. The 
caterpillars are 16-footed, the body being generally smooth, or but slightly hairy ; they roll up the 
leaves, fixing them by threads in a parallel direction, and thus forming them into cases, whereby they 
devour the parenchyme of the leaves at leisure ; others make retreats by fastening several leaves or 
flowers together, and some reside inside fruits ; some of these caterpillars have the body slender at the 
tip, and their cocoons are in the figure of a boat turned upside down ; these cocoons are sometimes en- 
tirely of silk, and sometimes of silk mixed with other matters. They form the subgenus 
Pyralis, Fab. [Tortrix of English authors]. 
P. pomana, Fab., the Codling Moth, P. vitis, P. prasinaria, [and a great number of species, divided by more 
recent authors into a great number of subgenera]. Latreiile in a note adds indications of the additional sub- 
genera (7hr^W.r dewfaria, Hb.), Valuer a {P.rutana, umhellanay Her acleana), din^Procerata (P. saldo- 
nana, Fabr.). 
The seventh section of the Nocturna, that of the Phal^nites, Latr. {Phal. Geometra, Linn.), has 
the body generally slender, with the proboscis either wanting or but little elongate, and nearly mem- 
branous ; the palpi small and subcylindric ; the wings ample, extended, or like a nearly flat roof ; the 
antennae in many of the males are pectinated ; the thorax smooth ; the caterpillars have generally only 
ten feet ; sometimes, however, they have an extra pair ; the anal feet always exist. From their mode 
of walking, they are called Geometers, or Loopers, described above (p. 604). Their attitude of repose 
is singular ; fixed to a branch or twig, and holding only by the hind pair of feet, the body is stretched 
in a straight line, and at an angle with the branch imrnoveably. In their colours, also, and the rugo- 
sities in their bodies, they also resemble branches : in this position they will remain for many hours, 
and even for entire days. The chrysalides are naked, or are inclosed in a very slender cocoon. When 
the caterpillars are not taken into consideration, this section only forms a single genus, — 
Phala:na. 
type of my subgenus Metrocampay has twelve feet, but the rest 
only ten, such as P. sambueariay the Swallow-tailed Moth, formed 
by Leach into the subgenus Ourapteryx ; P. grossulariatay Linn., 
•the Magpie Moth, [a very abundant species, the larva and pupa of 
which are figured in a preceding page. The females of P. brumatay 
and some others, have only very slight rudiments of wings. The 
latter species appear only in winter. One species, P. sexalisatay 
is remarkable for the males possessing a small appendage at the 
inner edge of the hind wing. These species form my subgenus 
Hyhernia. 
[This is a very extensive tribe, formed into the family Geome- 
tridee, and divided by recent authors into a very great number of 
genera.] 
The caterpillar of P. margaritaria, Fab., the 
Fi^. 131. — Phalfena ^rossulariata. 
The eighth section of the nocturnal Lepidoptera, that of the Deltoides, presents to us species very 
nearly allied to the Phalaenae proper, but of which the caterpillars have fourteen feet, and roll up leaves. 
In the imago, the palpi are elongated and recurved. The wings form with the body, at the sides of 
which they are horizontally extended, a kind of delta, of which the posterior edge has at the middle 
an indented angle, or appears furcate. The Deltoid Lepidoptera form the subgenus 
Ilerminiay Latr., belonging to the division of the Phalaena Pyralis of Linn., Hyblcea and part of Crambus, Fabr. 
The ninth section of the Nocturna, that of the Tineites, Latr. {Phalcena Tinea, Linn.), and the major 
part of his Pyralides, comprises the most minute species of the order, and of which the caterpillars are 
alw'ays furnished with sixteen feet at least, are rectigrade, and live hidden in fixed or moveable cases 
which they form. In some, the wings form a kind of elongated triangle, nearly flattened; such are the 
Ph. Pyralides, Linn., w'hich have four distinct palpi, and generally exposed. In others, the upper wings 
are long and narrow ; in all, the hind wings are always broad and folded ; the four palpi of these are 
also often exposed. 
