DIPTERA. 
621 
Ceroplatus, Bose., has the palpi apparently composed of a single joint, and the antennse fusiform and compressed. 
Our last general division of the Tipulaires, is the T.florales, consisting of species having the an- 
tennae scarcely longer than the head in both sexes, thick, and 8- or 10-jointed, forming a perfoliated 
mass ; nearly cylindric in the majority, but fusiform in others, or terminated by a large joint ; the body 
is short and thick ; the head is generally almost entirely occupied by the eyes in the males. From the 
nervures of the wings and palpi, these Diptera approach the Tipulaires fungivores, 
Cordyla, Meig., differs from all the rest in having 12-jointed antennae ; the eyes are round, entire, and apart, and 
the ocelli wanting ; the legs are long, and spiny at the tips of the tibiae. The others have 11-jointed antennae, and 
the eyes of the males very lai ge. 
Simulium, Latr. (Culex, Linn.), has no ocelli, and the eyes of the females are internally notched, and crescent- 
shaped. The species are very small, frequenting damp places, and are very troublesome, from their biting, or 
rather pricking the flesh ; they also sometimes penetrate into the generative parts of cattle, and kill them. Like 
some of the Culicidae, they are also called Musquitoes. 
In the others, there are three ocelli. 
Scatopse, Geoff., approaches the last in having the eyes emarginate, but differs from all in having the palpi very 
small, and apparently composed of but a single joint. T. latrinarum, De Geer, a small fly, commonly found in 
privies. 
Penthefria, Meig., has the eyes entire, and separate in the two sexes ; the legs are long, and not spinose. 
Dilophus, Meig. {Hiritea, Fabr.), has the eyes contiguous in the males, often occupying almost the whole of the 
head ; the tips of the tibiae have a coronet of spines. 
BiMo, Geoff. {Hirtcea, Fabr.), has 9-jointed antennae, forming a perfoliated mass. The species are very sluggish, 
flying but little. Some of them are very common in gardens ; the two sexes often differ greatly in appearance and 
colours. Tip. hertulanay Linn. Their larvae live in dung, earth, and manure, and have small rows of spurs on the 
segments of the body. The pupae are not inclosed in cocoons. 
Aspistes, Hoffm., has only 8-jointed antennae ; the last joint forming an ovoid mass. 
All the following Diptera (a very small number excepted), have the antennae composed [at first sight] I 
of only three joints, the first of which is sometimes so short, that it is scarcely to be reckoned as such ; I 
the last is in many transversely annulated, but without distinct separations. It is often accompanied 
by a seta, generally lateral, or placed at the top of the joint in others ; having at its base one or two 
joints, and sometimes simple, sometimes hairy. If this seta is terminal, it happens in many that its 
length dimmishes and its thickness increases, forming a kind of style. Although this style is, 
in effect, a continuation of the antennae, it would create confusion in the nomenclature by adding the 
number of its joints to that of the ordinary joints of the antennae. The palpi have never more than two 
joints. Some of these (a small number excepted) cast their larva-skin on becoming pupae, and have 
the sucker composed of six or four pieces ; the proboscis, or at least its lips, is always exserted ; the 
palpi, when present, are external, and inserted near the margins of the oral cavities, and the sucker arises 
near this cavity. The larva, in those which retain the larva skin, serves as a cocoon for the pupa, 
without changing its primitive form. This subdivision comprises three families, \_Tanystoma, Nota- 
cantJia, and Athericera']. 
THE SECOND FAMILY OF THE DIPTERA,— 
The Tanystoma, — ■ 
I^ distinguished by having the last joint of the antennae (not reckoning the style), not transversely 
annulated, and the sucker consists of four pieces. 
Their larvae resemble long worms, nearly cylindric, and without feet, with a scaly head of constant 
form, always furnished with hooks or retractile appendages, which serve them for gnawing or sucking 
the substances on which they subsist. The majority live in the earth, and change their skin on 
assuming the pupa state. The pupae are naked, and exhibit many of the external parts of the imago, 
which escapes from its exuviae by a slit down the back. 
A first division comprises those Diptera which have the proboscis always entirely, or almost entirely, 
exserted, with the sheath of a rather solid, nearly horny consistence, being more or less porrected, 
and either cylindric, conic, or filiform, terminating without any marked dilatation ; the palpi 
are small. 
Some of these live by rapine, and have the body oblong, wdth the thorax narrow in front ; the wings 
incumbent on the body ; the proboscis short, or but slightly elongated, and forming a kind of beak ; 
the antennae are close together, and the palpi exposed. 
