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Dr N uttall , Farther Observations upon the 
V 
Further Observations upon the Biological Test for Blood By 
George H. F. Nuttall, M.A., M.D., Ph.D., Christ’s College; 
University Lecturer in Bacteriology and Preventive Medicine. 
[Bead 20 January 1902.] 
In various publications which have appeared since May 1901, 
I have described the results of investigations upon the blood, 
which indicate that we are able by means of this test to study 
what I have termed the “ blood-relationship ” amongst animals. 
I will refer those interested in the subject to my other papers 
for particulars regarding the mode of preparation of the test- 
sera 1 . 
By means of anti-liuman serum, I have been able to establish 
the fact that all the Primates, excepting the Lemuridae, possess 
some common quality in their blood which brings about a precipi- 
tation upon the addition of anti-human serum. I have tested 
42 samples of blood from apes and monkeys with uniform results, 
and in addition I found that there were quantitative differences 
in the reaction obtained, the Simiidae giving, as Dr Griinbaum 
ot Liverpool has also found, a reaction practically equivalent to 
that obtained with human blood, whilst I have found in addition 
that the Cercopithecidae bloods give less reaction, the least 
reaction being however obtained with the bloods of the Hapalidae 
and Cebidae. In other words the amount of reaction would appear 
to correspond with the degree of relationship existing amongst the 
Anthropoidea. 
Tests made with anti-dog serum have only yielded positive 
results with bloods of other Canidae, eight different species of 
which have been examined. 
Anti-horse serum only produced a reaction with the blood of 
the horse and donkey. The anti -sera for ox and sheep blood have 
given reactions which indicate that a bond of consanguinity exists 
between various true ruminants (Ox, Sheep, Goat, Antelope, 
Deer). It is interesting to note that the bloods of Tragulidae 
and Camelidae have given no such indication of relationship with 
the true ruminants. 
Since I published these results I have continued to collect 
1 Brit. Mecl. Journ. 1901 (11 May), vol. i. p. 1141: (1 Sept.), vol. n. p. 669 
Journ. of Hygiene, 1901 (1 July), vol. i. pp. 367—387. Proceedings of the Royal 
Society, vol. lxix. pp. 150—153 (Paper read 21 Nov.). Journ. of Tropical Med. 
1901 (16 Dec.), pp. 405 — 408. American Naturalist, vol. xxxv. pp. 927 — 932. 
