been introduced, indications of the different schools of 
medicine, which have flourished at different times; and 
all of which find a place in history, except the Indian. Thus 
the plants and medicines of European climates, of Asia 
Minor and of Syria, we can account for, from the conti- 
nued existence of Greek physicians, from the time of 
Hippocrates to that of Paul us jEgineta; those of Egypt 
and Africa, from the Alexandrian School, which subsisted 
from B.C. 300 to A.D. 700, or to the period of the destruc- 
tion of its institutions by the Arabians. The occurrence 
of Jewish names may also be accounted for, from many 
physicians having been of the Jewish nation for a series of 
ages. The properties of medicinal articles must, in very 
ancient times, have been investigated in Persia, as their 
foetid gum-resins early make their appearance in the 
records of medicine ; and in Dioscorides, we have numerous 
names of plants as given them by the Magi {prfo<pr\rai). 
Jondisabour, also, was a celebrated medical school, previous 
to the Arabians, as G. Bactishua was educated there, and 
celebrated as well for his skill in medicine, as for his 
proficiency in the Persian and Arabian languages ; whence 
he was sent for to attend Almanzor, the second Caliph of 
the Abbasides, and being detained, translated, at his request, 
several books of medicine. But even previous to him, an 
impulse had been given to translations from other languages, 
as the work called Pandects of Medicine, of Aaron the 
Presbyter, who lived at Alexandria subsequently to the 
era of the Hegira, was translated in 683 into Arabic by 
Masarjawaihas. The Old Testament, moreover, was first 
translated by Warka, the son of Naefel, who is mentioned 
in the Koran, and who died in A.D. 612. 
Considerable as appears to have been Hindoo medicine, 
and extensive as no doubt has been the influence of its 
Materia Medica, the absence of all record of the former 
