82 
Sea, Arabia, and Egypt, as by the Euphrates, and through 
the desert-surrounded Palmyra to Syria. Hence the last 
place of export, as is the case even in the present day, came 
to be considered as the country actually producing the drug. 
The majority of Indian articles are arranged by Dios- 
corides in his first book, among aromatics, for which India 
has always been, and still is famed. Among these are 
the substances already mentioned at p. 33, as Nardos, 
which is no doubt Nardostachys {Patrinia, Don) Jata- 
?nansi,~D.C., which I have procured from the very mountains, 
where it is described by Dioscorides as growing — " Qua? 
Gangitis appellatur, a fluvio quodam, cui Ganges nomen, 
montem praetercurrente in quo nascitur." The Syrian and 
Mountain kinds, the latter called also sampharetica, are 
thought by Sprengel in Diosc. ed. Kuhn II. p. 346, to be, 
the first — Patrinia scabioscefolia Fisch., found in Dahuria; 
and the second — Valeriana Hardwickii. The roots of the 
latter are still used in medicine in Nepal and N. India, being 
imported into the latter from the Himalayan mountains. 
S%oivof (sometimes written S%ivo{, but which is the mastic- 
tree) very distinct from the 11x om s c * c,a OI " tne fourth book, 
c. 52, is usually translated Juncus odoratus, and is uni- 
versally allowed to be Andropogon Schwnanthus, or Lemon- 
grass. Calamus Aromaticus (v. p. 33) is, I conceive, 
Andropogon Calamus Aromaticus, nob., which covers the 
extensive arid plains of Central India, a country inter- 
spersed with large and numerous lakes, and therefore 
resembling that described by Theophrastus, as the country 
where this " sweet Calamus" grows. Some authors, as 
Sprengel, &c, suppose that this is the plant now called 
wuj in Arabic, the Acorus Calamus of botanists ; but of 
this Arabian authors give akoron, as the Greek name, 
and apply to it the description by Dioscorides of annpo(, 
which this plant no doubt is. Wuj is itself derived from 
the Sanscrit vacha, as is the common Hindee name, 
