112 
products of the same region, though it may be difficult to 
trace the course by which they were introduced into Europe. 
Ricinus communis was no doubt well known in Egypt ; 
whence several other medicinal articles were procured, as 
we find them severally named Egyptian ; as the so-called 
thorn and nut (probably Hyper anther a apterd) ; Ethiopian 
cummin (Ptychotis copticum, D.C., P. ajowan is given in 
India as this kind of cummin) ; so Egyptian salt, alum, 
earth, oil, and ointment, are all mentioned, as also a salt of 
Thebes. 
Among the strictly Indian products, we have the two kinds 
of Pepper (long and round), Cardamoms and Ginger ? (as 
this is probably what is called IvSikov (pap/juxxov, v. Spreng. 
Hist. Rei.Herb.l. p.37) ; Cinnamon, Cassia, and Olibanum. 
Ebony is also mentioned, but this, and Olibanum, may like- 
wise have been procured with Myrrh from Africa. Amomum 
not having yet been ascertained, need only be mentioned. 
The Dolichos, mentioned by Hippocrates and Theophrastus, 
as well as by later authors, is considered to be Pkaseolus vul- 
garis, and to have been introduced from India in the time 
of Alexander. It is not found in the plains of that country, 
but is cultivated in Cashmere, whence I obtained seeds 
which vegetated in the Saharunpore Botanic Garden. 
Nardos, prescribed with Cinnamon and Myrrh, is probably 
the same substance as that described by Dioscorides, and 
therefore Nardostachys Jatamansi (v. p. 33) ; so Cyperus, 
Schaenus (ex olw s)i an< l Calamus (xaXae/xos), are also enu- 
merated with myrrh. The first may be the Indian variety 
of Cyperus, as we have shown, p. 37, that it is still used 
there as a perfume. Sjcoivo;, (Hippocr. ed. Faes. sect. v. 
p. 574), mentioned also as o-xoivou av9of, sect. v. p. 665, and 
exoivof cvospo;, p. 673, with aromatics, is translated Juncus 
odoratus : this is considered by Sprengel to be Andropogm 
Nardus, but probably, more correctly by Dierbach Andro- 
