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cloth of Sidon, and the purple of Tyre: with this were 
dyed both cotton, linen, and woollen cloths, as well as 
those of silk, according to some authorities. In addition 
to these, they manufactured glass, and made ornaments of 
various kinds. From Syria and Palestine they drew their 
corn, oil, and wine, as well as the wool of the desert. 
Their colonies along the Mediterranean yielded them the 
products of Africa, and of the south of Europe. Malta is 
said, to have grown and manufactured cottons : Elba 
afforded them iron. Spain contained their most distant, and 
at the same time most valuable settlements ; itself yielding 
almost every thing that was peculiar to the others. Its 
warm climate in southern, and its cool in northern latitudes, 
enabled it to grow the grains and fruits of both tropical 
and European regions, and for these it has always been 
celebrated ; also for its riches in oil and wine, r.nd like all 
dry cool countries, for the fineness of its wool. Its mines 
yielded both tin and lead, also some gold and especially 
silver ; the mines of the latter in the Sierra Morena were 
formerly rich and highly celebrated. The Phoenician com- 
merce, however, extended beyond Spain : it reached even 
the Scilly Isles for tin and also lead, as well as the coast 
of Samland, in Prussia, for amber. 
The foregoing enumeration, following only the course 
of what may be called the northern route, it remains to 
notice that, which embraced the more southern countries 
of the ancient world. This includes Egypt and India, with 
Arabia placed between them and forming a real entrepot, 
both by position and by the Arabs having been the carriers 
of the produce of the far-famed East : as their countrymen 
in later times, served to transmit the sciences both of the 
West and of the East from ancient to modern times. Their 
country early acquired credit for abounding in spices, 
aromatics, and the most fragrant essences. Though Arabia 
possesses the horse, and the camel, emphatically called " the 
