04 
THE AUSTRALIAN BEEKEEPERS’ JOURNAL. 
time tlie young queen was ready to breed ; 
the disease again appearing, but with less 
virulence, until medicine was given. 
It will be readily seen, therefore, that where 
a bad case will not give way all the time the 
original queen is allowed to continue, a change 
to a young and vigorous mother will impart 
energy and determination to the workers, and 
then Cheshire’s remedy will never fail. 
Where the bees are so reduced as to be unfit 
for brood-rearing, of course they are not worth 
the addition of a new queen and more bees or 
brood, but should be immediately smothered, 
and the combs burned or reduced to wax. On 
the other hand, it will probably be found that 
when a stock is not very badly infected, the 
feeding of phenolated syrup, or its injection 
into the cells when the bees will not take it, 
will be found effectual without removing the 
queen. Another point which appears to have 
escaped notice is that all sealed honey must be 
uncapped and likewise disinfected, or the 
disease is likely to reappear from time to time. 
Where there is much sealed honey, uncap a 
portion only at a time, and if possible do not 
contaminate the extractor. 
What is done should be done thoroughly, 
and experiments left to be carried out by those 
who can afford the time, and have nothing to 
fear from risk of infection. 
Mr. Ward of Highgate,, when visiting my 
apiary, stated that he failed to cure with 
phenol until the original queens were removed 
from his infected hives, and others from clean 
stock inserted. Notwithstanding, therefore, 
that Mr. Cheshire considered it a great dis- 
advantage to have received his diseased hive 
without a queen, it was the one thing that 
ensured success, in that he gave a healthy 
queen as well as clean brood. 
It would appear, therefore, that when a 
queen is badly diseased, the phenol treatment 
does not renovate her impaired constitution. 
The workers probably are cured by taking the 
medicated food ; but just here is the point : 
Does the queen, or does she not, receive the 
phenol in the food prepared for her by the 
workers ? Perhaps Mr. Cheshire will pursue 
his investigations farther, and benefit us all 
by giving some definite information upon this 
point. 
That phenol is a cure for foul brood is certain, 
that it gives health to the workers appears 
equally true, and that in future it will prove 
effectual in every case, I feel convinced, if the 
queen is superseded when the disease does not 
at first give way. 
Dead Brood. 
That foul brood is often confused with 
simple dead brood I am well aware. The 
latter I have observed occasionally, and have 
never allowed it in any way to interfere with 
necessary manipulations, such as uniting, 
queen-raising, &c., as I have no fear of com- 
municating disease. At present I am un- 
aware of any cause for this, unless it be weak- 
ness of the queen, as by inserting a fresh one 
all is cleared out while no more is found, and 
no medicine is necessary. 
HOW TO DIKTINQUISH BETWEEN THE TWO 
In some respects the two are similar, much 
of the larvae turning rotten, and of’adark 
color, while the bees seem unable to remove 
such as is in that state until the weak queen 
is taken away. Nevertheless, some of the 
matter being placed under the microseope, 
Mr. Cheshire was unable to find the slightest 
trace of disease. 
But that every beekeeper may decide for 3 
himself without the aid of a microscope which 
is the genuine foul brood and which not, I 
will show how I have always been able to 
detect the difference. With simple dead : 
brood, while s line may appear like the foul i 
disease, much of the older brood dries up to a 
white cinder, in many cases retaining its b 
original form, which I have never found to 
occur when genuine foul brood is present. 
Chilled brood can be distinguished from the 
more serious malady in like manner. 
S. Simmins. I 
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