124 
BANKS’ or LABRADOR PINE. 
PINUS Banksiana, foliis brevibus geminatis rigidis divaricatis obliquis 
strobilis recurvis tortis , squamis inermibus. Lamb. Pin. (ed. 2,) vol. 1, 
tab. 3. Pursh. Flor. Bor. Am. 2, p. 642. Loudon, Arboretum, 4, p. 
2190. 
Pinus rupestris , (Gray Pine.) Mich. Sylva, tab. 136. 
Pinus hudsonia . Lamarck, Encyc. 5, p. 339. 
Pinus sylvestris P divaricata. Squander in Ait. Kew, vol. 3, p. 366. 
Notwithstanding the dwarf size of this species in many 
situations, Doctor Richardson* describes it as a hand- 
some tree, with long spreading flexible branches, generally 
furnished with clustered and curved cones, of many years 
accumulation. It attains even the height of 40 feet and 
upwards in favourable situations ; but the diameter of its 
trunk is greater, in proportion to its height, than in the 
other pines of the country; and in its native situations it 
exudes much less resin than the White Spruce, ( Abies alba). 
Dr. Richardson found it exclusively occupying dry sandy 
soils, and it occurred as far northward as latitude 64°, 
and was said to attain even higher latitudes, on the 
sandy banks of Mackenzie’s river. Douglas found it on 
the higher banks of the Oregon, and in the valleys of the 
Rocky Mountains. We also met with it sparingly in the 
same great chain of mountains, towards the northern 
sources of the Platte, and forming considerable trees in 
the valley of Thornberg’s ravine, in the western chain of 
the Rocky Mountains. 
* Narrative of a Journey to the Polar Seas in 1819 and 1822. 
