22 PERMIAN FOSSILS. 
seas.' The Madrepores, Astreas, Fungias, and other calcareous forms so abundant 
in warmer climates, are familiar productions of Actinarian Zoophytes. 
The animal is generally of a cylindrical form; often crowned with a large number 
of naked, tubular tentacles, encircling a single contractile orifice, which serves the 
double purpose of an ingress and egress opening. The orifice leads into a short 
gullet, terminating in a large digestive cavity, which is lmed with numerous vertical 
membranous folds, constituting, apparently, the principal seat of reproduction. These 
folds are supported by the radiating plates to be seen in Astreas and Fungias, and in 
the figure of Calophyllum Donatianum given in Plate III, fig. 1. 
Family CYATHOPHYLLID#, Dana. 
Diagnosis—“ Coralligenous, the corallum of: each polyp, internally at middle, 
usually transversely or obliquely cellular.”? (Dana.) 
This family embraces a number of Paleozoic genera, such as Cyathophyllum, 
Strombodes, and the one next to be noticed. 
Genus Calophyllum, Dana. 
Potycmiia, King. 
Diagnosis.—* Quite simple, caliculato-ramose, or aggregate. Corallum within 
transversely septate; cells concave, regularly stellate; no internal dissepiments 
between the lamellz and the sides of the corallum, therefore not cellular.” (Dana.) 
At the time I published the paper “‘ On some Families and Genera of Corals,” in the 
‘Annals and Magazine of Natural History,’ 2d series, vol. iii, April, 1849, I was not 
aware that Mr. Dana had previously established a genus under the name of Calophyllum 
corresponding to my Polycelia, typified by a Permian Coral, which had been originally 
named Turbinolia Donatiana. 
Both genera being evidently the same, I readily adopt the name which belongs 
to it by right of priority; but lest it should hereafter be found necessary to subdivide 
the genus as given by Mr. Dana, it has been deemed necessary to repeat the diagnosis 
of Polycelia as published in the ‘ Annals.’ 
“‘ A (?) simple Cyathophyllidia. orm conical. Walls solid. Primary vertical plates 
converging to within a short distance of the centre. Secondary vertical plates reaching 
1 Dr. Johnston, in his ‘ History of British Zoophytes,’ 2d edition, notices four genera of British lamel- 
liferous Corals, viz. Pocillopora, Oculina, Turbinolia, and Caryophyllia. With regard to Oculina, on 
the occurrence of which m our seas there has been considerable doubt, a brief account by the writer 
is given, in the ‘Annals of Natural History,’ vol. xix, p. 279, of a beautiful specimen of the species 
O. prolifera, measuring eleven inches in diameter, which was brought up off the coast of Shetland, where 
it had undoubtedly been living. 
2 Structure and Classification of Zoophytes, p. 115. 
