ANIMALS. 49 
capillary tubes are slightly flexuous, which gives a waved striated appearance to the 
non-celluliferous surface of the Coral. 
Figure 17, in Plate V, represents a magnified view of the impressions made by a 
portion of a stem; showing the pits or depressions (4) resulting from the supposed 
gemmuliferous vesicles, on lines produced by the slightly-developed dividing ridges ; 
also, the whole of the surface intervening the cellule-apertures (a), perforated by pores 
or minute foramina. 
Both Goldfuss’s figure (pl. xxxvi, fig. 1 d) and description of this species represent 
the rows of cellule-apertures situated on broad, rounded ridges, instead of furrows, 
as they have invariably occurred to me. I notice this discrepancy without being able 
to explain it, but in hopes of drawing the attention of some one to the original specimen 
figured in the ‘ Petrefacta,’ and now probably in the University Museum of Bonn. 
Acanthocladia anceps occurs at Tunstall Hill, Dalton-le-Dale, Ryhope Field-House 
Farm, Castle Eden Dene, Humbleton Quarry, Hyiton North-Farm, and Whitley, in 
Shelly Magnesian Limestone ; and at Black Hall Rocks and Tynemouth Abbey Cliff, 
in Breccia. [tis widely distributed over the Permian region of Germany ; occurring 
in the Lower Zechstein of Corbusen, Milbitz, Schwaara, Dinz, and Hergisdorf; in 
Zechstein at Kamsdorf; and in Zechstein-Dolomite at Posneck, Oppung, Konitz, 
Liebenstein, and Gliicksbrunn (Geinitz). 
Class ECHINODERMATA, Cuvier. 
This class has lately been divided into seven orders, viz. Cystidee, Crinoidee, 
Lchimdee, Stelleridee, Ophiuridee, Holothuridee, and Sipunculidee, of which the second 
and third are the only Permian kinds at present known. 
Order CRINOIDEH, Miller, 1821. 
Diagnosis.—‘ Radiated animals, having the body regular; provided with five 
pinnate articulated rays, a central mouth, a visceral cavity, and a distinct anus ; and 
supported on an articulated stem fixed by its base.”” (Milne Edwards.) 
Crinoideas, like most of the groups herein described, though they flourished 
abundantly during the early periods of the world’s organic history, only constitute an 
insignificant feature in existing creation. The Pentacrinus Caput-Meduse, an inhabitant 
of the West Indian seas ; the beautiful Comatula rosacea, belonging to our own coasts ; 
1 «T have derived the name of this family from the Greek TA ZQA KPINOEIAEA, the lily-shaped 
animals, and have used the word to form, with another distinguishing term prefixed, the name of the genera.” 
(Miller, ‘A Natural History of the Crinoidea, &c.,’ 1821.) 
2 Lamarck’s Animaux sans Vertebres, 2d ed., vol. ii, p. 652. 
