96 PERMIAN FOSSILS. 
Buchiana, de Koninck, a carboniferous species, and the four forms hereafter noticed, 
as well as some others described by M. de Verneuil, as occurring in Russia, show that 
it was continued up to the Permian period. It is to be regretted, with regard to 
Strophalosia Gerardi (which is represented in Pl. XIX, figs. 6, 7), that nothing 
certain is known as to its geological position. Dr. Gerard, who collected the specimen 
figured with others (“marine shells, resembling oysters”) in crossing the boundary of 
Ladakh and Bis-ahar in the Himalayas,’ was unfortunately not sufficiently acquainted 
with fossils or geology to publish anything satisfactory on this point. Apparently the 
species belong to a deposit pertaining to the upper division of the primary system. 
STROPHALOSIA Go.tpFussi, Minster. Plate XII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 
KOs dhs WP. 
(?) GrypnitEs ruGosus, Schl. Schlotheim, Taschenbuch, p- 58, 1813. 
(?) CuamirEs GRANULATUS ,, Boué, Edin. Phil. Journ., vol. xii, p. 144, 1825. 
(?) Propucrus Rucosus ,, Brongniart, Tab. de Ter., p. 423, 1829. 
(2?) Propucta RUGOSA » Dela Beche, Geol. Man., p. 384, 1831; Germ. Transl., 
p- 459, 13832; 3d Eng. ed., p. 573, 1833. 
(?) — — » Phillips, Encyc. Met., Geology, vol. vi, p. 617, 1834. 
SponpyLus Gonprussi, Minster. Beitrage, vol. i, p. 43, pl. iv, fig. 3a 6, 1839; Idem, 
Zweite Auflage, p. 65. pl. iv, fig. 3 a 6, 1843. 
— — fe Geinitz, Gzea von Sachsen, p. 96, 1843. 
— = a De Verneuil, Bull. de la Soc. Géol. de France, 2™ série, 
t. i, p. 34, 1844. 
1 «The geological structure of the Spiti district commands a high degree of interest, from its numerous 
fossil remains, and the irregular character and magnitude of the scenes which represent them—the moun- 
tains, in many places, appearing to be formed entirely of shells and their exuvize. Specimens of these fossils 
have been sent by me to Calcutta, where, no doubt, they will have been duly appreciated and elucidated by 
- those who are more conversant than myself with the subject of fossil conchology. Some of the fragments 
were broken from masses of rock, lying at the foot of a cliff, from which they appeared to be detached, at a 
height of 15,000 feet. The cliff rose like a wall abruptly from the river, but its eastern side sloped off from 
a crest, 16,000 feet high, where some Ammonites were found. [One of the specimens now in my collection 
resembles Ammonites elegans.—W.K.] Illness, and the languor produced by such an attenuated atmosphere, 
prevented my taking every advantage of my visit to this interesting region, and my journey was terminated 
by the limits of the British territory. Just before crossing the boundary of Ladakh and Bis-ahar, I was gra- 
tified by the discovery of a bed of marine shells, resembling oysters, and clinging to a rock in a similar 
manner; but the suspicions of the Chinese prevented my bringing away many specimens. The loftiest 
position at which I actually picked up some of the shells was on the crest of a pass, elevated 17,000 feet, 
where also were seen numerous blocks of calcareous silicious matrix. I was not able to pass more than a 
single day at this interesting spot; but I brought away numerous fragments of the rock.” (Dr. Gerard, 
‘ Asiatic Researches of the Bengal Society,’ vol. xviii.) 
