ANIMAIS. 97 
Sponpyius Gouprusst, Minster. Geol. Russ., vol. 1, p. 224, 1845. 
(?) Propuctus HoRRIDUs, jun., J. Sow. Geinitz, Grundriss, p. 521, pl. xxii, figs. 9, 10, 1846. 
SrropHatosta.! King, An. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xviii, p. 93, 1848. 
Propuctus Gouprusst, Minster. De Koninck, Monog. Productus, p. 257, pl. xi, fig. 4, 
a, 6, c, d, e; and pl. xv, fig. 4, a, 6, 1847. 
STROPHALOSIA — 4 King, Catalogue, p. 9, 1848. 
Propuctus Morxristanus, King. Howse, Trans. T. N. F. C., vol.i, p. 257, 1848. 
OrtHoTHRix Gotprussi, Miinster. Geinitz, Versteinerungen, p. 14, pl. v, figs. 27, 28, 
32, 33a, 6, ec (excluding figs. 29, 30, 31, 
34), 1848. 
Diagnosis.—Form sub-triangular marginally. Large valve flatly convex; with 
(occasionally) a shallow median furrow, and numerous long, slender, curving spines : 
area somewhat narrow, and more or less elevated; with a narrow deltidium: wmbone 
pointed, projecting behind the hinge, often blunted, and more or less irregularly 
twisted. Small valve slightly concave; with numerous declined rather long spines, and 
a small area.’ 
Strophalosia Goldfussi is an extremely variable species, rarely two species being 
found alike. ‘The examples occurring at Ryhope Field-House Farm, differ from those 
to be found at Humbleton Hill m having the large valve more rounded, and with a 
very slight indication (in some specimens none) of a median furrow ; their area, also, 
is not so high: in these respects they offer a close agreement with some of the German 
specimens figured in the ‘ Verstemerungen.’ The singular projecting umbone (Pl. XI, 
fig. 1), and elevated area (PI. XII, fig. 12 a) are features which give this species a 
very different aspect to what any of its known congeners possess, with the exception 
perhaps of the so-called Orthis Wangenheum, de Vern. (= Aulosteges variahilis, Helm.), 
supposing it to be a species of Strophalosia. 
The error committed by Count Miinster in naming this fossil a Spondylus is a very 
pardonable one, considering the striking similarity it possesses, though on a small 
scale, with some species of this genus: its twisted projecting umbone, the inequality, 
spiny character, and form of its valves are interesting instances of the similarity ; and, 
doubtless, the mode of attachment of both shells, that is, by their large valve or its 
umbonal region, forms another strikmg point of resemblance. 
The fossil noticed by Schlotheim in the ‘ Taschenbuch’ for 1813, p. 58, as occurring 
at Konitz, and which he identified with the Gryphites rugosus, is, 1 strongly suspect, 
the species under consideration, as it occurred to me very abundantly in this locality. 
1 One of the noticed “three Magnesian limestone species found in the neighbourhood of Sunderland.” 
(Loe. cit.) 
2 The following is the original description of this species, published by Count Miinster: “ Die untere 
tiefe Schale ist mit feinen, langen, gebogenen, tiber und durch einander liegenden Stacheln dicht besetzt ; 
auf der obern, flachen, etwas eingedriickten Schale sind die Stacheln kurz, in der Mitte wie erhabene Punkte 
am Rande etwas linger. Der Anheftungspunkt der Muschel war an der Schloss-seite. Wenn sie frei 
gewesen ware, wiirde ich sie fiir emen Productus gehalten haben.” (Beitrage, p. 65.) 
nN 
