ANIMALS. 99 
somewhat arranged in lines, radiating and curving outwardly from the nucleus. 
Ventral valve concave, with very many declined longish spines having the same arrange- 
ment as those on the dorsal valve ; umbone small, rounded, somewhat incurved, and 
slightly impressed.” 
Strophalosia excavata differs from S. Goldfussi in the roundness of its marginal outline, 
the regular and strong convexity of its large valve, the rounded form of its umbone, 
the curvedly radiating arrangement of its spines, and the smaller size of its area. 
The arrangement of the spines constitute a capital distinctive character for this species, 
compared with its associates; and I regret that none of my figures represent it so 
clearly as could be wished: some of the figures in the ‘ Versteinerungen’ (vide pl. v, 
fig. 30; pl. vi, fig. 20 a) have an advantage over mine in this respect. My description 
characterises the large valve as having the ‘area small and slightly elevated.” This 
must be taken in comparison with the area of Strophalosia Goldfussi. 
In my ‘Catalogue’ this species is named Strophalosia spinifera; but it is there 
suggested to be the Orthis excavata of Geinitz,—a suggestion confirmed by the 
publication of the ‘ Verstemerungen.’ It requires to be mentioned, however, that I 
entertain a suspicion of some of the shells figured in this work, under the latter specific 
name, belonging to Strophalosia Goldfussi, and particularly the one originally given by 
Dr. Geinitz in the ‘ Neues Jahrbuch’ (1842, pl. x, figs. 12, 13); but as certain of the 
specimens represented in the ‘ Verstemerungen’ (pl. v, figs. 30, 37; pl. vi, fig. 20) are 
undoubtedly the same as my S. spimifera, and as my learned co-operator has identified 
his Orthis excavata with Dr. de Koninck’s Productus Lewisianus and P. Geinitzianus, in 
which I entirely agree with him, I readily cancel my name and replace it by the one 
herein adopted. 
Strophalosia excavata is found at Humbleton, Dalton-le-Dale, Tunstall Hill, Hylton 
North-Farm, and Tynemouth. Dr. Geinitz records its occurrence at Péssneck, Kénitz, 
Liebenstein, and Hirschberg in the Zechstein. Should the so-called Gryphites 
aculeatus, jun., figured by Schlotheim in the ‘'Taschenbuch, (vol. vii, pl. iv, fig. 3, 1813) 
be the same, it may also be said tooccur in the Kupferschiefer of Schmerbach. 
STROPHALOSIA Morrisiana, King. Pl. XII, figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23; 24, 25, 
26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32. 
(2?) GrypHytEs acuLEATUs, Jun., ScAl. “Akad. Miinch., vol. vi, p. 29, pl. vin, fig. 15 a, 6, 
fig. 16 a, 6, 1820. 
(?) Propucra—“ perhaps a new species,” Phillips. Philosophical Mag., N. S., vol. iv, 
p. 401, 1828. 
1 King, ‘Catalogue,’ p. 9. 
? In naming this shell after the author of the ‘ Catalogue of British Fossils,’ I evince my respect for one 
who has frequently assisted mein my labours, and to whom, in a great measure, is due the publication of 
this Monograph by the Palzontographical Society. 
