ANIMALS. 135 
This species closely resembles the Devonian Aérypa ungmcula of J. de C. Sowerby, 
as figured by Professor Phillips, in his ‘ Paleozoic Fossils of Cornwall’ (pl. xxxvui, 
fig. 119). None of my specimens exceed three sixteenths of an inch in width. 
Only a few specimens of MWartinia Clannyana have occurred to me in one locality— 
Ryhope Field-House Farm—in the Shell-limestone. 
MartTINIA WINCHIANA, King. Plate X, figs. 14, 15, 16, 17. 
Martinta Wincniana, King. Catalogue, p. 8, 1848. 
Diagnosis—Marginal outhne nearly circular. Half an inch in diameter. Hinge 
three quarters of the width of the valves. Large valve moderately convex: wmbone 
elevated, and slightly incurved: fissure open, triangular: dental plates rudimentary. 
Small valve slightly convex: socket-plates large, and slightly divaricating. 
“This, which is a small species, resembles Martinia Clannyana in form, but both 
valves are crowded with short, hair-like, declined, radiating spines.” 
I have transcribed the above from my ‘Catalogue,’ but without vouching for the 
concluding statement. I have only seen casts and impressions of this species, and in 
all the latter there are numerous radiating, fibre-like markings, which I formerly 
considered to be the remains of spines; and it was in accordance with this view 
that the restoration of the shell, represented in Plate X, fig. 17, has been given. A 
recent examination of these impressions leaves the question an open one in my 
mind ; though I still lean to my original view, qualified, however, with the supposition, 
that the fibre-hke markings may be the remains of a coarse fibrous tissue forming 
the substance of the valves, similar to that already noticed occurrimg in Camaro- 
phorias. 
The St. Kassian fossil represented in Count Miinster’s ‘ Beitrige,’ and identified 
with Sprrifer rostratus, appears to have a close resemblance to the present species. , 
Martinia Winchiana is of very rare occurrence. I have only collected a few 
specimens in one locality (Whitley); where they occurred in the lowest beds. 
Following the various genera of Spiriferide according to order of affinity, the one 
requiring notice in the next place is a genus instituted by the author of the ‘ Synopsis 
of the Characters of the Carboniferous Fossils of Ireland.’ 
1 Named after Mr. Nathaniel J. Winch, the author of ‘Observations on the Geology of Northumberland 
and Durham,’ in the ‘Transactions of the London Geological Society,’ 1st series, vol. iv; and some other 
valuable papers illustrating the geology of the north of England. 
2 King, Catalogue, p. 8. 
